Resumen
El síndrome de diicultad respiratoria aguda incluye una compleja serie de acontecimientos que conducen a daño alveolar, edema pulmonar por aumento de la permeabilidad vascular e insuiciencia respiratoria; muchos procesos están relacionados con su aparición, la característica común es la activación de los neutróilos en la circulación pulmonar o sistémica. Las manifestaciones clínicas aparecen generalmente 6 a 72 horas posterior al inicio del evento y empeoran rápidamente. El tratamiento se basa en un manejo interdisciplinario por parte del personal de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, se debe realizar un reconocimiento precoz de los pacientes descartando otras causas de hipoxemia, identiicar y tratar la causa subyacente, y emplear la ventilación mecánica para asegurar correcta oxigenación, intentando siempre proteger los pulmones de la lesión pulmonar inducida por la técnica. La ventilación en decúbito prono favorece el aumento de la oxigenación en pacientes con este síndrome, los mecanismos que producen este incremento son probablemente múltiples e interdependientes y no han sido dilucidados en su totalidad. Es un procedimiento de bajo costo, recomendado implementar en pacientes categoría grave, y preferentemente en etapa tempana de la enfermedad, aunque es necesario realizar estudios futuros que puedan establecer el verdadero impacto en la mortalidad para evaluar su uso sistemático en todos los pacientes con Síndrome de Diicultad Respiratoria Aguda. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):81-101.
Palabras clave: Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Adulto. Posición Prona. Postura. Posicionamiento del Paciente. Ventilación Pulmonar. Lesión Pulmonar Aguda. Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno.
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