Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone involved in many physiological and biochemical processes within the human, such as the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestine, regulation of blood calcium and bone mineralization; it also has effects on the cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, signaling, apoptosis and production of various molecules in different cells and tissues, which explains the relationship between low levels of vitamin D and the development of many diseases. In recent years, there has been reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide, ranging between 50 and 92% depending on the population studied, the result of poor exposure to sunlight, poor dietary intake, little use of vitamin supplements, among other associated factors. Hence, it has been found that vitamin D deficiency is caused by some genetic polymorphisms that affect their metabolism and lead to the development of various diseases. Because of the clinical importance of vitamin D, this review of the literature was conducted by the search for original articles, systematic reviews andnarrative articles in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar reviews. They were selected in total 71 articles, from which we seek to describe here some of the aspects of physiology, epidemiology, clinical and etiology of vitamin D deficiency. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(1):45-56.
Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency. Risk factors. Endocrinology.
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