Keywords
Aeromonas
Autoantibodies
Autoimmunity
Bacteremia
Hepatitis
Autoimmune
Autoantibodies
Autoimmunity
Bacteremia
Hepatitis
Autoimmune
How to Cite
Palmezano-Díaz, J. M., Figueroa-Pineda, C. L., & Rangel-Rivera, D. A. (2017). Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas caviae in-patient with autoinmune hepatitis: case report. Médicas UIS, 30(3), 121–7. https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v30n3-2017013
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory hepatic disease mediated by an autoimmune mechanism. This disorder has a broad clinical spectrum and should be suspected in the presence of elevated aminotransferases and immunoglobulins in a patient with histopathology hepatitis. Diagnosis is made by ruling out other causes of hepatitis (viral, secondary to drugs) and confirmation with positive autoantibodies. Treatment is based on corticosteroid monotherapy or its association with other immunomodulators, obtaining good therapeutic response rates. Rate of hospital infection in patients with hepatic cirrhosis ranges from 32-34%, with bacteremia being the fourth most frequent
source, where Aeromonas represents 5% of these cases. We report the case of a 51-year-old patient with autoimmune hepatitis who consults for decompensation of secondary liver disease with a rare microorganism. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(3):121-7.
References
1. Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2015;19(1):57-79.
2. Manns MP, Lohse AW, Vergani D. Autoimmune hepatitis—Update 2015. J Hepatol. 2015;62Suppl:s100-11.
3. Werner M, Prytz H, Ohlsson B, Almer S, Bjornsson E, Bergquist A, et al. Epidemiology and the initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in Sweden: a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(10):1232-40.
4. Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, Raknerud N, Stiris M, Bell H. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(1):99-103.
5. Primo J, Maroto N, Martinez M, Anton MD, Zaragoza A, Giner R, et al. Incidence of adult form of autoimmune hepatitis in Valencia (Spain).Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2009;72(4):402-6.
6. Whalley S, Puvanachandra P, Desai A, Kennedy H. Hepatology outpatient service provision in secondary care: a study of liver disease incidence and resource costs. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 2007;7(2):119-24.
7. Abe M, Mashiba T, Zeniya M, Yamamoto K, Onji M, Tsubouchi H, et al. Present status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan: a nationwide survey. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(9):1136-41.
8. Liberal R, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G. Update on Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2015;3(1):42-52.
9. Gatselis NK, Zachou K, Koukoulis GK, Dalekos GN. Autoimmune hepatitis, one disease with many faces: etiopathogenetic, clinicolaboratory and histological characteristics. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(1):60-83.
10. Moy L, Levine J. Autoimmune hepatitis: a classic autoimmune liver disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2014;44(11):341-6.
11. Kogan J, Safadi R, Ashur Y, Shouval D, Ilan Y. Prognosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic autoimmune hepatitis: a study of 68 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002;35(1):75-81.
12. Kessler WR, Cummings OW, Eckert G, Chalasani N, Lumeng L, Kwo PY. Fulminant hepatic failure as the initial presentation of acute autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2(7):625-31.
13. Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1999;31(5):929-38.
14. Hennes EM, Zeniya M, Czaja AJ, Parés A, Dalekos GN, Krawitt EL, et al. Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2008;48(1):169-76.
15. Khor WC, Puah SM, Tan JA, Puthucheary SD, Chua KH. Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Aeromonas Species Isolated from Fresh Water Lakes in Malaysia. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(12).
16. Chuang HC, Ho YH, Lay CJ, Wang LS, Tsai YS, Tsai CC. Different clinical characteristics among Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria and Aeromonas caviae monomicrobial bacteremia. J Korean Med Sci. 2011;26(11):1415-20.
17. Shizuma T, Tanaka C, Mori H, Fukuyama N. Investigation of Bacteremia due to Aeromonas Species and Comparison with That due to Enterobacteria in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:1-4.
18. Janda JM, Guthertz LS, Kokka RP, Shimada T. Aeromonas species in septicemia: laboratory characteristics and clinical observations. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19(1):77-83.
19. Ko WC, Lee HC, Chuang YC, Liu CC, Wu JJ. Clinical features and therapeutic implications of 104 episodes of monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteraemia. J Infect. 2000;40(3):267-73.
20. Ko WC, Chuang YC. Aeromonas bacteremia: review of 59 episodes. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20(5):1298-304.
21. Bunchorntavakul C, Chavalitdhamrong D. Bacterial infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. World J Hepatol. 2012;4(5):158-68.
22. Fernandez J, Navasa M, Gomez J, Colmenero J, Vila J, Arroyo V, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002;35(1):140-8.
23. Yumoto T, Ichiba S, Umei N, Morisada S, Tsukahara K, Sato K, et al. Septic shock due to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteremia in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2014; 8: 402.
24. Spadaro S, Berselli A, Marangoni E, Romanello A, Colamussi MV, Ragazzi R, et al. Aeromonas sobria necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2014; 8 :315.
25. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2010.
26. Chiva M, Guarner C, Peralta C, Llovet T, Gomez G, Soriano G, et al. Intestinal mucosal oxidative damage and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15(2):145-50.
27. Shin GW, You MJ, Cho HS, Yi SW, Lee CS. Severe sepsis due to Aeromonas aquariorum in a patient with liver cirrhosis. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2013; 66(6): 519-22.
28. Tsai MS, Kuo CY, Wang MC, Wu HC, Chien CC, Liu JW. Clinical features and risk factors for mortality in Aeromonas bacteremic adults with hematologic malignancies. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39(2):150-4.
29. Bogdanos DP, Gao B, Gershwin ME. Liver immunology. Compr Physiol. 2013;3(2):567-98.
30. Gleeson D, Heneghan MA; British Society of G. British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis. Gut. 2011;60(12):1611-29.
31. Soloway RD, Summerskill WH, Baggenstoss AH, Geall MG, Gitnick GL, Elveback IR, et al. Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver
disease: a controlled study of treatments and early prognosis. Gastroenterology. 1972;63(5):820-33.
32. Delgado JS, Vodonos A, Malnick S, Kriger O, Wilkof-Segev R, Delgado B, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis in southern Israel: a 15-year multicenter study. J Dig Dis. 2013;14(11):611-8.
2. Manns MP, Lohse AW, Vergani D. Autoimmune hepatitis—Update 2015. J Hepatol. 2015;62Suppl:s100-11.
3. Werner M, Prytz H, Ohlsson B, Almer S, Bjornsson E, Bergquist A, et al. Epidemiology and the initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in Sweden: a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(10):1232-40.
4. Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, Raknerud N, Stiris M, Bell H. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(1):99-103.
5. Primo J, Maroto N, Martinez M, Anton MD, Zaragoza A, Giner R, et al. Incidence of adult form of autoimmune hepatitis in Valencia (Spain).Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2009;72(4):402-6.
6. Whalley S, Puvanachandra P, Desai A, Kennedy H. Hepatology outpatient service provision in secondary care: a study of liver disease incidence and resource costs. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 2007;7(2):119-24.
7. Abe M, Mashiba T, Zeniya M, Yamamoto K, Onji M, Tsubouchi H, et al. Present status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan: a nationwide survey. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(9):1136-41.
8. Liberal R, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G. Update on Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2015;3(1):42-52.
9. Gatselis NK, Zachou K, Koukoulis GK, Dalekos GN. Autoimmune hepatitis, one disease with many faces: etiopathogenetic, clinicolaboratory and histological characteristics. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(1):60-83.
10. Moy L, Levine J. Autoimmune hepatitis: a classic autoimmune liver disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2014;44(11):341-6.
11. Kogan J, Safadi R, Ashur Y, Shouval D, Ilan Y. Prognosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic autoimmune hepatitis: a study of 68 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002;35(1):75-81.
12. Kessler WR, Cummings OW, Eckert G, Chalasani N, Lumeng L, Kwo PY. Fulminant hepatic failure as the initial presentation of acute autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2(7):625-31.
13. Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1999;31(5):929-38.
14. Hennes EM, Zeniya M, Czaja AJ, Parés A, Dalekos GN, Krawitt EL, et al. Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2008;48(1):169-76.
15. Khor WC, Puah SM, Tan JA, Puthucheary SD, Chua KH. Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Aeromonas Species Isolated from Fresh Water Lakes in Malaysia. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(12).
16. Chuang HC, Ho YH, Lay CJ, Wang LS, Tsai YS, Tsai CC. Different clinical characteristics among Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria and Aeromonas caviae monomicrobial bacteremia. J Korean Med Sci. 2011;26(11):1415-20.
17. Shizuma T, Tanaka C, Mori H, Fukuyama N. Investigation of Bacteremia due to Aeromonas Species and Comparison with That due to Enterobacteria in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:1-4.
18. Janda JM, Guthertz LS, Kokka RP, Shimada T. Aeromonas species in septicemia: laboratory characteristics and clinical observations. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19(1):77-83.
19. Ko WC, Lee HC, Chuang YC, Liu CC, Wu JJ. Clinical features and therapeutic implications of 104 episodes of monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteraemia. J Infect. 2000;40(3):267-73.
20. Ko WC, Chuang YC. Aeromonas bacteremia: review of 59 episodes. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20(5):1298-304.
21. Bunchorntavakul C, Chavalitdhamrong D. Bacterial infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. World J Hepatol. 2012;4(5):158-68.
22. Fernandez J, Navasa M, Gomez J, Colmenero J, Vila J, Arroyo V, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002;35(1):140-8.
23. Yumoto T, Ichiba S, Umei N, Morisada S, Tsukahara K, Sato K, et al. Septic shock due to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteremia in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2014; 8: 402.
24. Spadaro S, Berselli A, Marangoni E, Romanello A, Colamussi MV, Ragazzi R, et al. Aeromonas sobria necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2014; 8 :315.
25. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2010.
26. Chiva M, Guarner C, Peralta C, Llovet T, Gomez G, Soriano G, et al. Intestinal mucosal oxidative damage and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15(2):145-50.
27. Shin GW, You MJ, Cho HS, Yi SW, Lee CS. Severe sepsis due to Aeromonas aquariorum in a patient with liver cirrhosis. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2013; 66(6): 519-22.
28. Tsai MS, Kuo CY, Wang MC, Wu HC, Chien CC, Liu JW. Clinical features and risk factors for mortality in Aeromonas bacteremic adults with hematologic malignancies. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39(2):150-4.
29. Bogdanos DP, Gao B, Gershwin ME. Liver immunology. Compr Physiol. 2013;3(2):567-98.
30. Gleeson D, Heneghan MA; British Society of G. British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis. Gut. 2011;60(12):1611-29.
31. Soloway RD, Summerskill WH, Baggenstoss AH, Geall MG, Gitnick GL, Elveback IR, et al. Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver
disease: a controlled study of treatments and early prognosis. Gastroenterology. 1972;63(5):820-33.
32. Delgado JS, Vodonos A, Malnick S, Kriger O, Wilkof-Segev R, Delgado B, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis in southern Israel: a 15-year multicenter study. J Dig Dis. 2013;14(11):611-8.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.