Artículos
Publicado 2018-01-09
Palabras clave
- Electrólisis,
- celdas de oxihidrógeno,
- motores de combustión interna,
- energía limpia,
- combustibles
Cómo citar
González Gil, J. E., Díaz Rey, Ángel O., & González-Estrada, O. A. (2018). Análisis de un generador de HHO de celda seca para su aplicación en motores de combustión interna. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 17(1), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v17n1-2018013
Resumen
Los motores de combustión interna a gasolina tienen conocidos problemas de eficiencia térmica y alto índice de emisión de gases contaminantes. Por otro lado, existen procesos químicos y eléctricos que han permitido obtener fuentes de energía limpia del agua. La electrólisis permite mediante un proceso electroquímico la obtención de gas de hidrógeno y oxígeno, de cuya mezcla se obtiene HHO. Las características moleculares del HHO permiten la disminución de gases tóxicos al ambiente y el ahorro de combustibles hidrocarbonados en motores de combustión interna.
En este trabajo se investigan los beneficios potenciales de la mezcla de HHO como aditivo a los combustibles fósiles, en particular, la gasolina comercial. Se describe el diseño de un sistema con una celda electrolítica y se evalúa el desempeño de un motor de 100CC en términos del consumo específico de combustible, potencia, torque y emisión de gases.
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Referencias
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P. P. Vergara-Barrios, J. M. Rey-López, G. A. Osma-Pinto, and G. Ordoñez-Plata, “Evaluación del potencial solar y eólico del campus centra de la Universidad Industrial de Santander y la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia,” Rev. UIS Ing., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 49–57, 2014.
A. Boretti, “Comparison of fuel economies of high efficiency diesel and hydrogen engines powering a compact car with a flywheel based kinetic energy recovery systems,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 16, pp. 8417–8424, Aug. 2010.
C. M. White, R. R. Steeper, and A. E. Lutz, “The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1292–1305, Aug. 2006.
V. Knop, A. Benkenida, S. Jay, and O. Colin, “Modelling of combustion and nitrogen oxide formation in hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines within a 3D CFD code,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 5083–5097, Oct. 2008.
M. Momirlan and T. N. Veziroglu, “The properties of hydrogen as fuel tomorrow in sustainable energy system for a cleaner planet,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 795–802, Jul. 2005.
N. Saravanan and G. Nagarajan, “An experimental investigation on optimized manifold injection in a direct-injection diesel engine with various hydrogen flowrates,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng., vol. 221, no. 12, pp. 1575–1584, Dec. 2007.
N. Saravanan, G. Nagarajan, C. Dhanasekaran, and K. M. Kalaiselvan, “Experimental investigation of hydrogen port fuel injection in DI diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 4071–4080, Nov. 2007.
N. Saravanan, G. Nagarajan, K. M. Kalaiselvan, and C. Dhanasekaran, “An experimental investigation on hydrogen as a dual fuel for diesel engine system with exhaust gas recirculation technique,” Renew. Energy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 422–427, Mar. 2008.
S. Szwaja and K. Grab-Rogalinski, “Hydrogen combustion in a compression ignition diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 4413–4421, May 2009.
M. Masood, M. M. Ishrat, and A. S. Reddy, “Computational combustion and emission analysis of hydrogen–diesel blends with experimental verification,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 2539–2547, Sep. 2007.
M. K. Baltacioglu, H. T. Arat, M. Özcanli, and K. Aydin, “Experimental comparison of pure hydrogen and HHO (hydroxy) enriched biodiesel (B10) fuel in a commercial diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, no. 19, pp. 8347–8353, May 2016.
S. O. Akansu, Z. Dulger, N. Kahraman, and T. N. Veziroǧlu, “Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas—hydrogen mixtures,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 1527–1539, Nov. 2004.
F. Ma et al., “Performance and emission characteristics of a turbocharged spark-ignition hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engine under wide open throttle operating conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 22, pp. 12502–12509, Nov. 2010.
C. Ji, B. Zhang, and S. Wang, “Enhancing the performance of a spark-ignition methanol engine with hydrogen addition,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, no. 18, pp. 7490–7498, Jun. 2013.
T. D’Andrea, P. F. Henshaw, and D. S.-K. Ting, “The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fuelled SI engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 1541–1552, Nov. 2004.
F. Ma and Y. Wang, “Study on the extension of lean operation limit through hydrogen enrichment in a natural gas spark-ignition engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1416–1424, 2008.
S. A. Musmar and A. A. Al-Rousan, “Effect of HHO gas on combustion emissions in gasoline engines,” Fuel, vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 3066–3070, Oct. 2011.
A. A. Al-Rousan, “Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline engines by introducing HHO gas into intake manifold,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 23, pp. 12930–12935, Dec. 2010.
A. C. Yilmaz, E. Uludamar, and K. Aydin, “Effect of hydroxy (HHO) gas addition on performance and exhaust emissions in compression ignition engines,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 20, pp. 11366–11372, Oct. 2010.
K. V Shivaprasad, S. Raviteja, P. Chitragar, and G. N. Kumar, “Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Combustion Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition High Speed Gasoline Engine,” Procedia Technol., vol. 14, pp. 141–148, 2014.
S. Wang, C. Ji, J. Zhang, and B. Zhang, “Improving the performance of a gasoline engine with the addition of hydrogen–oxygen mixtures,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, no. 17, pp. 11164–11173, Aug. 2011.
S. Wang, C. Ji, J. Zhang, and B. Zhang, “Comparison of the performance of a spark-ignited gasoline engine blended with hydrogen and hydrogen–oxygen mixtures,” Energy, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 5832–5837, Oct. 2011.
S. Wang and C. Ji, “Cyclic variation in a hydrogen-enriched spark-ignition gasoline engine under various operating conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1112–1119, Jan. 2012.
C. Ji and S. Wang, “Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emissions performance of a spark ignition gasoline engine at lean conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 18, pp. 7823–7834, Sep. 2009.
C. Ji, S. Wang, and B. Zhang, “Effect of spark timing on the performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine at lean conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 2203–2212, Mar. 2010.
E. M. Quezada Romero, D. F. Torres Gualan, Q. Romero, E. Miguel, T. Gualan, and D. Fernando, “Implementación de un generador de hidrógeno de celda seca en un vehículo Chevrolet Steem 1.6 L,” Universidad politecnica salesiana, 2014.
D. González, Motores térmicos y sus sistemas auxiliares, Segunda Ed. Madrid, 2015.
Xunta de Galicia, “Análisis de gases.” [Online]. Available: http://www.edu.xunta.gal/centros/cifpsomeso/system/files/ANALISIS+DE+GASES.pdf. [Accessed: 25-Mar-2017].
L. Gutiérrez Jodra, “El Hidrógeno, Combustible Del Futuro,” Cienc.Exact.Fís.Nat. (Esp), vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 49–67, 2005.
B. Choi, D. Panthi, M. Nakoji, T. Kabutomori, K. Tsutsumi, and A. Tsutsumi, “Novel hydrogen production and power generation system using metal hydride,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 18, pp. 6197–6206, 2015.
H. F. Coward, G. W. Jones, Etats-Unis, and Mines (Bureau), “Limits of flammability of gases and vapors, by H. F. Coward and G. W. Jones.,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 52, no. 17. pp. 6057–6067, 1952.
E. Hormiga and E. Moreno, “Diseño y construcción de un dinamómetro de motos para la empresa JB Soluciones Prácticas de Ingeniería,” Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2013.
J. B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, 3ra ed. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 1988.