Articles
Analysis of a dry cell HHO generator for application in internal combustion engines
Published 2018-01-09
Keywords
- electrolysis,
- oxyhydrogen cells,
- internal combustion engines,
- clean energy,
- fuels
How to Cite
González Gil, J. E., Díaz Rey, Ángel O., & González-Estrada, O. A. (2018). Analysis of a dry cell HHO generator for application in internal combustion engines. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 17(1), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v17n1-2018013
Abstract
Gasoline internal combustion engines have known issues related to thermal efficiency and high emission of polluting gases. On the other hand, there are chemical and electrical processes that have provided sources of clean energy from water. Electrolysis allows the production of hydrogen and oxygen gas by means of an electrochemical process, from which HHO is obtained. The molecular characteristics of HHO allow the reduction of toxic gases to the environment and the saving of hydrocarbon fuels in internal combustion engines.
In this paper, we investigate the potential benefits of HHO mixtures as an additive to fossil fuels, in particular, commercial gasoline. We describe the design of a system with an electrolytic cell and evaluate the performance of a 100CC engine in terms of brake specific fuel consumption, brake power, brake torque and gas emissions.
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References
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C. M. White, R. R. Steeper, and A. E. Lutz, “The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1292–1305, Aug. 2006.
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N. Saravanan and G. Nagarajan, “An experimental investigation on optimized manifold injection in a direct-injection diesel engine with various hydrogen flowrates,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng., vol. 221, no. 12, pp. 1575–1584, Dec. 2007.
N. Saravanan, G. Nagarajan, C. Dhanasekaran, and K. M. Kalaiselvan, “Experimental investigation of hydrogen port fuel injection in DI diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 4071–4080, Nov. 2007.
N. Saravanan, G. Nagarajan, K. M. Kalaiselvan, and C. Dhanasekaran, “An experimental investigation on hydrogen as a dual fuel for diesel engine system with exhaust gas recirculation technique,” Renew. Energy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 422–427, Mar. 2008.
S. Szwaja and K. Grab-Rogalinski, “Hydrogen combustion in a compression ignition diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 4413–4421, May 2009.
M. Masood, M. M. Ishrat, and A. S. Reddy, “Computational combustion and emission analysis of hydrogen–diesel blends with experimental verification,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 2539–2547, Sep. 2007.
M. K. Baltacioglu, H. T. Arat, M. Özcanli, and K. Aydin, “Experimental comparison of pure hydrogen and HHO (hydroxy) enriched biodiesel (B10) fuel in a commercial diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, no. 19, pp. 8347–8353, May 2016.
S. O. Akansu, Z. Dulger, N. Kahraman, and T. N. Veziroǧlu, “Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas—hydrogen mixtures,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 1527–1539, Nov. 2004.
F. Ma et al., “Performance and emission characteristics of a turbocharged spark-ignition hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engine under wide open throttle operating conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 22, pp. 12502–12509, Nov. 2010.
C. Ji, B. Zhang, and S. Wang, “Enhancing the performance of a spark-ignition methanol engine with hydrogen addition,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, no. 18, pp. 7490–7498, Jun. 2013.
T. D’Andrea, P. F. Henshaw, and D. S.-K. Ting, “The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fuelled SI engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 1541–1552, Nov. 2004.
F. Ma and Y. Wang, “Study on the extension of lean operation limit through hydrogen enrichment in a natural gas spark-ignition engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1416–1424, 2008.
S. A. Musmar and A. A. Al-Rousan, “Effect of HHO gas on combustion emissions in gasoline engines,” Fuel, vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 3066–3070, Oct. 2011.
A. A. Al-Rousan, “Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline engines by introducing HHO gas into intake manifold,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 23, pp. 12930–12935, Dec. 2010.
A. C. Yilmaz, E. Uludamar, and K. Aydin, “Effect of hydroxy (HHO) gas addition on performance and exhaust emissions in compression ignition engines,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 20, pp. 11366–11372, Oct. 2010.
K. V Shivaprasad, S. Raviteja, P. Chitragar, and G. N. Kumar, “Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Combustion Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition High Speed Gasoline Engine,” Procedia Technol., vol. 14, pp. 141–148, 2014.
S. Wang, C. Ji, J. Zhang, and B. Zhang, “Improving the performance of a gasoline engine with the addition of hydrogen–oxygen mixtures,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, no. 17, pp. 11164–11173, Aug. 2011.
S. Wang, C. Ji, J. Zhang, and B. Zhang, “Comparison of the performance of a spark-ignited gasoline engine blended with hydrogen and hydrogen–oxygen mixtures,” Energy, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 5832–5837, Oct. 2011.
S. Wang and C. Ji, “Cyclic variation in a hydrogen-enriched spark-ignition gasoline engine under various operating conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1112–1119, Jan. 2012.
C. Ji and S. Wang, “Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emissions performance of a spark ignition gasoline engine at lean conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 18, pp. 7823–7834, Sep. 2009.
C. Ji, S. Wang, and B. Zhang, “Effect of spark timing on the performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine at lean conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 2203–2212, Mar. 2010.
E. M. Quezada Romero, D. F. Torres Gualan, Q. Romero, E. Miguel, T. Gualan, and D. Fernando, “Implementación de un generador de hidrógeno de celda seca en un vehículo Chevrolet Steem 1.6 L,” Universidad politecnica salesiana, 2014.
D. González, Motores térmicos y sus sistemas auxiliares, Segunda Ed. Madrid, 2015.
Xunta de Galicia, “Análisis de gases.” [Online]. Available: http://www.edu.xunta.gal/centros/cifpsomeso/system/files/ANALISIS+DE+GASES.pdf. [Accessed: 25-Mar-2017].
L. Gutiérrez Jodra, “El Hidrógeno, Combustible Del Futuro,” Cienc.Exact.Fís.Nat. (Esp), vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 49–67, 2005.
B. Choi, D. Panthi, M. Nakoji, T. Kabutomori, K. Tsutsumi, and A. Tsutsumi, “Novel hydrogen production and power generation system using metal hydride,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 18, pp. 6197–6206, 2015.
H. F. Coward, G. W. Jones, Etats-Unis, and Mines (Bureau), “Limits of flammability of gases and vapors, by H. F. Coward and G. W. Jones.,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 52, no. 17. pp. 6057–6067, 1952.
E. Hormiga and E. Moreno, “Diseño y construcción de un dinamómetro de motos para la empresa JB Soluciones Prácticas de Ingeniería,” Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2013.
J. B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, 3ra ed. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 1988.