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Introducción: la hipertensión arterial sistémica (HTA) constituye el principal factor de riesgo para morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular a nivel global, afecta a todas las edades, sin distinción de género y etnicidad. Su tratamiento continúa constituyendo un reto, dada la persistencia del pobre control, especialmente en países como Colombia. Objetivo: mostrar la evidencia disponible respecto al tratamiento actualizado de la HTA y la elección certera de
los agentes antihipertensivos acorde con la individualidad de cada paciente. Asimismo, consolidar y comparar el efecto hipotensor de cada agente antihipertensivo más usado. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda avanzada con los términos DeCS y MeSH: hipertensión, agentes antihipertensivos, hipertensión esencial y terapia combinada,
en los motores de búsqueda PubMed, Clinical Key, Lilacs, Scielo. Un total de 109 artículos se seleccionaron para
elaborar en la presente revisión de la literatura. Conclusiones: la individualización del manejo de la HTA lleva al reconocimiento de los distintos fenotipos, la presencia de complicaciones, el examen físico, el género y la raza como puntos fundamentales para elegir el agente antihipertensivo más adecuado que permita alcanzar las metas de control y propenda por la reducción y prevención de las complicaciones derivadas de un control no óptimo.
Referencias
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