Resumen
Introducción: Estimaciones prevén que el número de personas con discapacidad aumentará como consecuencia del envejecimiento de la población, ante lo cual es importe identificar los principales factores de riesgo para su prevención. En los adultos mayores (AM) la depresión es una de las alteraciones de salud mental más frecuentes. Objetivo: Describir el estado de la investigación de la depresión como predictor de discapacidad en AM de la comunidad. Metodologia: Revisión de la literatura en bases de datos electrónicas como Pubmed (Medline), Sciencedirect, Ebsco y Lilacs, de estudios longitudinales publicados entre 2007-2017. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 15 artículos, en su mayoría formaron parte de estudios de cohortes de envejecimiento, con participantes con un rango de edad de 55-90 años, con seguimiento de 2 a 10 años. Conclusión: Se presenta un análisis general de las implicaciones de los resultados descritos.
Palabras clave: Depresión, discapacidad, envejecimiento, actividades cotidianas, estudios longitudinalesReferencias
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9. Meeks TW, Vahia IV, Lavretsky H, Kulkarni G, Jeste DV. A tune in “a minor” can “b major”: a review of epidemiology, illness course, and public health implications of subthreshold depression in older adults. J Affect Disord. 2011; 129(1-3): 126-142. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.015.
10. Sousa RM, Ferri CP, Acosta D, Albanese E, Guerra M, Huang Y, et al. Contribution of chronic diseases to disability in elderly people in countries with low and middle incomes: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey. Lancet. 2009; 374(9704): 1821-1830. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61829-8.
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16. Shahab S, Nicolici DF, Tang A, Katz P, Mah L. Depression Predicts Functional Outcome in Geriatric Inpatient Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017; 98(3): 500-507. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.014.
17. Reynolds SL, Haley WE, Kozlenko N. The impact of depressive symptoms and chronic diseases on active life expectancy in older Americans. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008; 16(5): 425-432. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31816ff32e.
18. Barry LC, Allore HG, Bruce ML, Gill TM. Longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and disability burden among older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64A(12): 1325-1332. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glp135.
19. Barry LC, Murphy TE, Gill TM. Depressive symptoms and functional transitions over time in older persons. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011; 19(9): 783-791. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181ff6669.
20. Carriere I, Gutierrez LA, Peres K, Berr C, Barberger-Gateau P, Ritchie K, et al. Late life depression and incident activity limitations: influence of gender and symptom severity. J Affect Disord. 2011; 133(1-2): 42-50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.020.
21. Deshpande N, Metter JE, Guralnik J, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L. Sensorimotor and psychosocial determinants of 3-year incident mobility disability in middle-aged and older adults. Age Ageing. 2014; 43(1): 64-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft135.
22. Mendes de Leon CF, Rajan KB. Psychosocial influences in onset and progression of late life disability. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014; 69(2): 287-302. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt130.
23. Sánchez-Martínez M, Castell MV, González-Montalvo JI, De la Cruz JJ, Banegas JR, Otero Á. Transitions in functional status of community dwelling older adults: impact of physical performance, depression and cognition. Europ Geriatr Med. 2016; 7(2): 111-116. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2016.01.006.
24. Murphy RA, Hagaman AK, Reinders I, Steeves JA, Newman AB, Rubin SM, et al. Depressive trajectories and risk of disability and mortality in older adults: longitudinal findings from the health, aging, and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016; 71(2): 228-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv139.
25. Dalle Carbonare L, Maggi S, Noale M, Giannini S, Rozzini R, Lo Cascio V, et al. Physical disability and depressive symptomatology in an elderly population: a complex relationship. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA). Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009; 17(2): 144-154.
26. Tsutsumimoto K, Doi T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, et al. Combined Effect of Slow Gait Speed and Depressive Symptoms on Incident Disability in Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17(2): 123-127. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.08.012.
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28. Chen CM, Mullan J, Su YY, Griffiths D, Kreis IA, Chiu HC. The longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and disability for older adults: a population-based study. J Gerontology A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012; 67(10): 1059-1067. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls074.
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30. Berlau DJ, Corrada MM, Peltz CB, Kawas CH. Disability in the oldest-old: incidence and risk factors in the 90+ study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012; 20(2): 159-168. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820d9295.
31. Peres K, Jagger C, Matthews FE. Impact of late-life self-reported emotional problems on Disability-Free Life Expectancy: results from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008; 23(6): 643-649. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1955.
32. Chang M, Phillips C, Coppin AK, van der Linden M, Ferrucci L, Fried L, et al. An association between incident disability and depressive symptoms over 3 years of follow-up among older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2009; 21(2): 191-197.
33. Weinberger MI, Raue PJ, Meyers BS, Bruce ML. Predictors of new onset depression in medically ill, disabled older adults at 1 year follow-up. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009; 17(9): 802-809. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181b0481a.
34. Fauth EB, Gerstorf D, Ram N, Malmberg B. Changes in depressive symptoms in the context of disablement processes: role of demographic characteristics, cognitive function, health, and social support. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2012; 67(2): 167-177. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr078.
35. Barry LC, Soulos PR, Murphy TE, Kasl SV, Gill TM. Association between indicators of disability burden and subsequent depression among older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013; 68(3): 286-292. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls179.
36. Yang YT, Wang YH, Chiu HT, Wu CR, Handa Y, Liao YL, et al. Functional limitations and somatic diseases are independent predictors for incident depressive disorders in seniors: findings from a nationwide longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015; 61(3): 371-377. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2015.07.005.
37. Schillerstrom JE, Royall DR, Palmer RF. Depression, disability and intermediate pathways: a review of longitudinal studies in elders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2008; 21(3): 183-197. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988708320971.
38. Freedman VA. Adopting the ICF language for studying late-life disability: a field of dreams? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64(11): 1172-1174; discussion 1175-1176. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glp095.
39. Seeman TE, Merkin SS, Crimmins EM, Karlamangla AS. Disability trends among older Americans: National health and nutrition examination surveys, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Am J Public Health. 2010; 100(1): 100-107. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.157388.
40. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health: ICF. Geneva: 2001.
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42. Huang H, Russo J, Von Korff M, Ciechanowski P, Lin E, Ludman E, et al. The effect of changes in depressive symptoms on disability status in patients with diabetes. Psychosomatics. 2012; 53(1): 21-29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2011.07.001.
43. Callahan CM, Kroenke K, Counsell SR, Hendrie HC, Perkins AJ, Katon W, et al. Treatment of depression improves physical functioning in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005; 53(3): 367-373. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53151.x.
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2. Prince MJ, Wu F, Guo Y, Gutierrez Robledo LM, O’Donnell M, Sullivan R, et al. The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice. Lancet. 2015; 385(9967): 549-562. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61347-7.
3. World Health Organization / The World Bank. World Report on Disability. Geneva: 2011.
4. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Informe mundial sobre el envejecimiento y la salud. Estados Unidos de América: 2015.
5. Harwood RH, Sayer AA, Hirschfeld M. Current and future worldwide prevalence of dependency, its relationship to total population, and dependency ratios. Bull World Health Organ. 2004; 82(4): 251-258.
6. Forman-Hoffman VL, Ault KL, Anderson WL, Weiner JM, Stevens A, Campbell VA, et al. Disability Status, mortality, and leading causes of death in the United States Community Population. Med Care. 2015; 53(4): 346-354. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000321.
7. Almazán-Isla J, Comín-Comín M, Alcalde-Cabero E, Ruiz C, Franco E, Magallón R, et al. Disability, support and long-term social care of an elderly Spanish population, 2008-2009: an epidemiologic analysis. Int J Equity in Health. 2017; 16(1): 4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0498-2.
8. Whiteford HA, Degenhardt L, Rehm J, Baxter AJ, Erskine HE, Charlson FJ, et al. Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013; 382(9904): 1575-1586. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61611-6.
9. Meeks TW, Vahia IV, Lavretsky H, Kulkarni G, Jeste DV. A tune in “a minor” can “b major”: a review of epidemiology, illness course, and public health implications of subthreshold depression in older adults. J Affect Disord. 2011; 129(1-3): 126-142. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.015.
10. Sousa RM, Ferri CP, Acosta D, Albanese E, Guerra M, Huang Y, et al. Contribution of chronic diseases to disability in elderly people in countries with low and middle incomes: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey. Lancet. 2009; 374(9704): 1821-1830. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61829-8.
11. Van Gool CH, Kempen GI, Penninx BW, Deeg DJ, Beekman AT, van Eijk JT. Impact of depression on disablement in late middle aged and older persons: results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 60(1): 25-36. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.021.
12. Scott KM, Von Korff M, Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Bromet E, Fayyad J, et al. Mental-physical co-morbidity and its relationship with disability: results from the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2009; 39(1): 33-43. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003188.
13. Cheng HG, Huang YQ, Liu Z, Zhang M, Lee S, Shen Y, et al. Disability associated with mental disorders in metropolitan China: an application of the quantile regression approach. Psychiatry Res. 2012; 199(3): 212-219. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.019.
14. McCusker J, Cole M, Ciampi A, Latimer E, Windholz S, Belzile E. Major depression in older medical inpatients predicts poor physical and mental health status over 12 months. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007; 29(4): 340-348. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.03.007.
15. Chang KJ, Hong CH, Kim SH, Lee KS, Roh HW, Kang DR, et al. MRI-defined versus clinically-defined vascular depression; comparison of prediction of functional disability in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016; 66: 7-12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2016.04.010.
16. Shahab S, Nicolici DF, Tang A, Katz P, Mah L. Depression Predicts Functional Outcome in Geriatric Inpatient Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017; 98(3): 500-507. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.014.
17. Reynolds SL, Haley WE, Kozlenko N. The impact of depressive symptoms and chronic diseases on active life expectancy in older Americans. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008; 16(5): 425-432. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31816ff32e.
18. Barry LC, Allore HG, Bruce ML, Gill TM. Longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and disability burden among older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64A(12): 1325-1332. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glp135.
19. Barry LC, Murphy TE, Gill TM. Depressive symptoms and functional transitions over time in older persons. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011; 19(9): 783-791. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181ff6669.
20. Carriere I, Gutierrez LA, Peres K, Berr C, Barberger-Gateau P, Ritchie K, et al. Late life depression and incident activity limitations: influence of gender and symptom severity. J Affect Disord. 2011; 133(1-2): 42-50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.020.
21. Deshpande N, Metter JE, Guralnik J, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L. Sensorimotor and psychosocial determinants of 3-year incident mobility disability in middle-aged and older adults. Age Ageing. 2014; 43(1): 64-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft135.
22. Mendes de Leon CF, Rajan KB. Psychosocial influences in onset and progression of late life disability. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014; 69(2): 287-302. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt130.
23. Sánchez-Martínez M, Castell MV, González-Montalvo JI, De la Cruz JJ, Banegas JR, Otero Á. Transitions in functional status of community dwelling older adults: impact of physical performance, depression and cognition. Europ Geriatr Med. 2016; 7(2): 111-116. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2016.01.006.
24. Murphy RA, Hagaman AK, Reinders I, Steeves JA, Newman AB, Rubin SM, et al. Depressive trajectories and risk of disability and mortality in older adults: longitudinal findings from the health, aging, and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016; 71(2): 228-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv139.
25. Dalle Carbonare L, Maggi S, Noale M, Giannini S, Rozzini R, Lo Cascio V, et al. Physical disability and depressive symptomatology in an elderly population: a complex relationship. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA). Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009; 17(2): 144-154.
26. Tsutsumimoto K, Doi T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, et al. Combined Effect of Slow Gait Speed and Depressive Symptoms on Incident Disability in Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17(2): 123-127. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.08.012.
27. Li LW, Conwell Y. Effects of changes in depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning on physical disability in home care elders. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64(2): 230-236. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gln023.
28. Chen CM, Mullan J, Su YY, Griffiths D, Kreis IA, Chiu HC. The longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and disability for older adults: a population-based study. J Gerontology A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012; 67(10): 1059-1067. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls074.
29. Tas U, Verhagen AP, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Hofman A, Odding E, Pols HA, et al. Incidence and risk factors of disability in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Preventive medicine. 2007; 44(3): 272-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.11.007.
30. Berlau DJ, Corrada MM, Peltz CB, Kawas CH. Disability in the oldest-old: incidence and risk factors in the 90+ study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012; 20(2): 159-168. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820d9295.
31. Peres K, Jagger C, Matthews FE. Impact of late-life self-reported emotional problems on Disability-Free Life Expectancy: results from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008; 23(6): 643-649. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1955.
32. Chang M, Phillips C, Coppin AK, van der Linden M, Ferrucci L, Fried L, et al. An association between incident disability and depressive symptoms over 3 years of follow-up among older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2009; 21(2): 191-197.
33. Weinberger MI, Raue PJ, Meyers BS, Bruce ML. Predictors of new onset depression in medically ill, disabled older adults at 1 year follow-up. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009; 17(9): 802-809. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181b0481a.
34. Fauth EB, Gerstorf D, Ram N, Malmberg B. Changes in depressive symptoms in the context of disablement processes: role of demographic characteristics, cognitive function, health, and social support. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2012; 67(2): 167-177. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr078.
35. Barry LC, Soulos PR, Murphy TE, Kasl SV, Gill TM. Association between indicators of disability burden and subsequent depression among older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013; 68(3): 286-292. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls179.
36. Yang YT, Wang YH, Chiu HT, Wu CR, Handa Y, Liao YL, et al. Functional limitations and somatic diseases are independent predictors for incident depressive disorders in seniors: findings from a nationwide longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015; 61(3): 371-377. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2015.07.005.
37. Schillerstrom JE, Royall DR, Palmer RF. Depression, disability and intermediate pathways: a review of longitudinal studies in elders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2008; 21(3): 183-197. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988708320971.
38. Freedman VA. Adopting the ICF language for studying late-life disability: a field of dreams? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64(11): 1172-1174; discussion 1175-1176. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glp095.
39. Seeman TE, Merkin SS, Crimmins EM, Karlamangla AS. Disability trends among older Americans: National health and nutrition examination surveys, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Am J Public Health. 2010; 100(1): 100-107. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.157388.
40. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health: ICF. Geneva: 2001.
41. Alvarezz AS. The application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health in psychiatry: possible reasons for the lack of implementation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012; 91(13 Suppl 1): S69-73. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e31823d4f1c.
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