Abstract
Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) is used in patients at risk of sudden death and in the training of athletes for the analysis of cardiac autonomic control. Objective: To correlate body composition and HRV in young nonathletes, without evidence of established cardiovascular disease, at rest and post-exercise. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study, with 24 men and 27 women. The percentage of body fat, the kilograms of muscle mass were analyzed through bioimpedance. HRV measurement with Powerlab® and Labchart® software. Records are exported to KUBIOS® for HRV analysis. Results: The average age of the participants was 22 years, men 22,3 years (SD ± 1.5) and women 22,1 years (SD ± 1.6). Muscle mass was found to have a moderate (0,4) positive connection with High Frequency (HF) Range (p= 0,003), HF increased when muscle mass increased; the standard deviation of the RRs (SDNN), among others, had a low positive connection. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, body composition and HRV in healthy adults at rest are related; muscle mass was positively correlated with HRV which could improve parasympathetic dominance in people with higher muscle mass compared to people with less muscle mass.
References
Manolis AJ, Poulimenos LE, Kallistratos MS, Gavras I, Gavras H. Sympathetic overactivity in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol [Internet]. 2014;12(1):4-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/15701611113119990140
Veloza L, Jiménez C, Quiñones D, Polanía F, Pachón-Valero LC, Rodríguez-Triviño CY. Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca como factor predictor de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Rev Colomb Cardiol [Internet]. 2019;26(4):205-210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2019.01.006
Oliveira R, Barker AR, Debras F, O’Doherty A, Williams CA. Mechanisms of blood pressure control following acute exercise in adolescents: Effects of exercise intensity on haemodynamics and baroreflex sensitivity. Exp Physiol [Internet]. 2018;103(8):1056-1066. doi: https://doi.org/10.1113/ep086999
Chintala KK, Krishna BH, N MR. Heart Rate Variability in Overweight Health Care Students: Correlation with Visceral Fat. J Clin Diagn Res [Internet]. 2015;9(1):CC06-CC08. doi: https://doi.org/10.7860%2FJCDR%2F2015%2F12145.5434
Chen GY, Hsiao TJ, Lo HM, Kuo CD. Abdominal obesity is associated with autonomic nervous derangement in healthy Asian obese subjects. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2008;27(2):212-217. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2007.11.004
Millis RM, Austin RE, Hatcher MD, Bond V, Faruque MU, Goring KL, et al. Association of body fat percentage and heart rate variability measures of sympathovagal balance. Life Sci [Internet]. 2010;86(5-6):153-157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.018
Fagard RH, Pardaens K, Staessen JA. Influence of demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics on heart rate and its variability in the population. J Hypertens [Internet]. 1999;17(11):1589-1599. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199917110-00013
Liao D, Rodríguez-Colón SM, He F, Bixler EO.Childhood Obesity and autonomic dysfunction: Risk for cardiac morbidity and mortality. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med [Internet]. 2014;16(10):342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-014-0342-1
Gómez LA. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares: un problema de salud pública y un reto global. Biomédica [Internet]. 2011;31(4):469-473. doi: https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v31i4.626
Iglesias Alfonso J, Estévez Báez M. Regulación del sistema cardiovascular por el sistema nervioso autónomo. 2008. Disponible en: http://fbio.uh.cu/ginvest/mesna/vfc_docs/RegulacionAutonomicaCardiovascular.pdf
López Sánchez GF, López Sánchez L, Díaz Suárez A. Composición corporal y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca: relaciones con edad, sexo, obesidad y actividad física. SPORT TK-Rev Euroam Cienc Deporte [Internet]. 2015; 4(2): 33-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.6018/242921
Millis RM, Austin RE, Hatcher MD, et al. Association of body fat percentage and heart rate variability measures of sympathovagal balance. Life Sci. 2010;86(5-6):153-157. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.018
Karavidas A, Lazaros G, Tsiachris D, Pyrgakis V. Aging and the cardiovascular system. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2010;51(5):421-427.
Salech MF, Jara LF, Luis Michea AL. Cambios fisiológicos asociados al envejecimiento. Rev Med Clin Condes [Internet]. 2012;23(1):19-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0716-8640(12)70269-9
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. PanamSTEPS. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Disponible en: https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13250:panamsteps&Itemid=42364&lang=es
Parra-Escartín B, Villalobos F. Evaluación de los hábitos dietéticos y niveles de actividad física en adolescentes escolares: un estudio transversal. Rev Esp Nutr Humana Dietética [Internet]. 2020;24(4):357-365. doi: https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.24.4.1045
Alvero-Cruz JR, Armesilla-Cabañas MD, Herrero-de Lucas A. Protocolo de valoración de la composición corporal para el reconocimiento médico-deportivo: Documento de Consenso del Grupo Español de Cineantropometría de la Federación Española de Medicina del Deporte. Arch Med Deporte. 2009;16(131):166-179.
Savane Fatoumauta Rosita, Navarrete-Muñoz Eva M.ª, García de la Hera Manuela, Gimenez-Monzo Daniel, Gonzalez-Palacios Sandra, Valera-Gran Desirée, et al. Validez del peso y talla auto-referido en población universitaria y factores asociados a las discrepancias entre valores declarados y medidos. Nutr Hosp. 2013; 28(5): 1633-1638.
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Evalúe su peso. MinSalud. 2021. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/publica/HS/Paginas/Evalue-su-peso.aspx
Camm AJ, Malik M, Bigger JT, Breithardt G, Cerutti S, Cohen RJ, et al. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 1996; 93(5): 1043-1065.
ADInstruments. 2021. Disponible en: https://www.adinstruments.com/
Palma Gámiz JL, Arribas Jiménez A, González Juanatey JR, Marín Huerta E, Martín Ambrosio ES. Guías de práctica clínica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología en la monitorización ambulatoria del electrocardiograma y presión arterial. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2000; 53(1): 91-109.
Velásquez N. El papel de los esteroides sexuales en la distribución de la grasa corporal y su relación con la obesidad del síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venezuela. 2011; 71(1): 49-64.
He X, Li Z, Tang X, Zhang L, Wang L, He Y, et al. Age- and sex-related differences in body composition in healthy subjects aged 18 to 82 years. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2018;97(25). doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000011152
Bredella MA. Sex Differences in Body Composition. Adv Exp Med Biol [Internet]. 2017;1043:9-27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_2
O’Brien IA, O’Hare P, Corrall RJ. Heart rate variability in healthy subjects: effect of age and the derivation of normal ranges for tests of autonomic function. Br Heart J. [Internet]. 1986; 55(4): 348-354. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.55.4.348
Koenig J, Thayer JF. Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. [Internet]. 2016; 64: 288-310. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007
Samora M, Teixeira AL, Sabino-Carvalho JL, Vianna LC. Sex differences in cardiac vagal reactivation from the end of isometric handgrip exercise and at the onset of muscle metaboreflex isolation. Auton Neurosci [Internet]. 2020;228:102714. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102714
Koenig J, Rash JA, Campbell TS, Thayer JF, Kaess M. A Meta-Analysis on Sex Differences in Resting-State Vagal Activity in Children and Adolescents. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2017;8:582. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffphys.2017.00582
Andrew ME, Shengqiao L, Wactawski-Wende J, Dorn JP, Mnatsakanova A, Charles LE, et al. Adiposity, muscle, and physical activity: predictors of perturbations in heart rate variability. Am J Hum Biol [Internet]. 2013;25(3):370-377. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22379
Fonseca GWPD, Santos MRD, Souza FR, Costa MJAD, Haehling SV, Takayama L, et al. Sympatho- Vagl Imbalance is Associated with Sarcopenia in Male Patients with Heart Failure. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2019;112(6):739-746. doi: https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190061
Gisselman AS, Baxter GD, Wright A, Hegedus E, Tumilty S. Musculoskeletal overuse injuries and heart rate variability: Is there a link? Med Hypotheses [Internet]. 2016;87:1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.003
El-Salamony GI, El-Agaty SM, Zawawi BM. The Impact of Body Mass Index and Body Composition on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Young Adult Saudi Females. JKAU: Med. Sci. [Internet]. 2014; 21(1): 31-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.4197/Med.21-1.3
Dart AM, Du XJ, Kingwell BA. Gender, sex hormones and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res [Internet]. 2002; 53(3): 678-687. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00508-9
von Känel R, Nelesen RA, Ziegler MG, Mausbach BT, Mills PJ, Dimsdale JE. Relation of autonomic activity to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 plasma concentration and the role of body mass index. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis [Internet]. 2007; 18(4): 353-359. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/mbc.0b013e3281139c67
Smoljo T, Stanić I, Sila S, Kovačić U, Crnošija L, Junaković A. et al. The Relationship between Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular Function and Body Composition. J Obes Metab Syndr [Internet]. 2020;29(3):188-197. doi: https://doi.org/10.7570%2Fjomes20041
Behera S, Das D. Correlation of Body Mass Index, Body fat percentage and fat free mass index with autonomic nervous function. Int. J. Contemp. Med. 2017; 4(1): 105-107.
Wakabayashi S, Aso Y. Adiponectin concentrations in sera from patients with type 2 diabetes are negatively associated with sympathovagal balance as evaluated by power spectral analysis of heart rate variation. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2004; 27(10):2392-2397. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.10.2392
Kaufman CL, Kaiser DR, Steinberger J, Kelly AS, Dengel DR. Relationships of cardiac autonomic function with metabolic abnormalities in childhood obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) [Internet]. 2007;15(5):1164-1171. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.619
Andrew ME, Shengqiao LI, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Adiposity, muscle, and physical activity: Predictors of perturbations in heart rate variability. Am J Hum Biol. 2013; 25(3): 370-377. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22379
Dixon EM, Kamath MV, McCartney N, Fallen EL. Neural regulation of heart rate variability in endurance athletes and sedentary controls. Cardiovasc Res [Internet]. 1992;26(7):713-719. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.7.713
Katona PG, McLean M, Dighton DH, Guz A. Sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac control in athletes and nonathletes at rest. J Appl Physiol [Internet]. 1982; 52(6): 1652-1657. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1982.52.6.1652
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Camilo Alberto Jiménez, Claudia Yaneth Rodríguez-Triviño, Laura Katherine Veloza-Manchola, Daniel Quiñonez-Bohórquez, Juan Felipe Polania-Pérez