Keywords
molecular diagnostic techniques
Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests
early detection of cancer
cross sectional analysis
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papilloma Virus is a necessary cause for the appearance of cervical cancer. Objective: Molecularly characterize circulating genotypes of Human Papilloma Virus in population of the north of Bucaramanga. Methods: cross-sectional study in women aged from 35 to 65 years with risk ≥3 points for develop cervical cancer determined by a standardized survey. In a cervico-vaginal self-sampling probe a molecular test was performed by HPV Direct Flow CHIP technology. Results: 810 women were interviewed, of these 435 (53.7%) performed self-sampling due to the risk calculated. The median age was 47.3 years (RIQ 41-53 years). Almost the entire population resides in poor conditions (stratum1 and 2) (98.8%) and most of them are from the Colombian subsidized social security system (87.2%). The prevalence was 10.6% (CI 95%: 7.8 - 13.8), for high risk genotypes it was 3.9% (CI 95%: 2.3 - 6.2), low risk of 3.5% (CI 95%: 1.4 - 5.6) and for indeterminate genotype of 1.9%. HPV-59 was the most common high-risk genotype and HPV-62/81 was a low-risk genotype. There was coinfection with high risk / low risk genotypes in five women and coinfection with two low risk genotypes in a woman. Conclusion: The prevalence of infection by Human Papilloma Virus in women living in vulnerable areas of Bucaramanga is lower than that reported in Bogotá and Cali (14.9% and 13%, respectively). No predominance of any particular high-risk genotype was found.
References
2. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global Cancer Statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005; 55(2): 74-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74.
3. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015; 136(5): E359-386. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29210.
4. Mishra G, Pimple S, Shastri SS. An overview of prevention and early detection of cervical cancers. Ind J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2011; 32 (3): 125-132. doi: 10.4103/0971-5851.92808.
5. Muñoz N, Bravo LE. Epidemiology of cervical cancer in Colombia. Salud Publica Mex. 2014; 56(5): 431-439.
6. Murillo R, Wiesner C, Cendales R, Pineros M, Tovar S. Comprehensive evaluation of cervical cancer screening programs: the case of Colombia. Sal Publica Mex. 2011; 53(6): 469-477.
7. Castro-Jiménez MA, Londoño-Cuellar PA, Vera-Cala LM. Asistencia a citología del cuello uterino y sus determinantes en una población rural colombiana, 1998-1999. Rev Salud Pública. 2006; 8(3): 248-257.
8. Ojeda G, Ordóñez M, Ochoa LH. Encuesta nacional de demografía y salud Colombia 2010. Asociación Probienestar de la familia colombiana, Macro internacional, editores; 2011.
9. Lucumy DI, Gómez LF. Accesibilidad a los servicios de salud en la práctica de citología reciente de cuello uterino en una zona urbana de Colombia. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2004; 78(3): 367-377.
10. Bermedo-Carrasco S, Peña-Sánchez JN, Lepnurm R, Szafron M, Waldner C. Inequities in cervical cancer screening among Colombian women: a multilevel analysis of a nationwide survey. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015; 39(2): 229-236. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.01.011.
11. Calderón CA, Botero JC, Bolaños JO, Martínez RR. The Colombian healthcare system: 20 years of achievements and problems. Cien Saude Colet. 2011; 16(6): 2817-2828.
12. Arbyn M, Verdoodt F, Snijders PJF, Verhoef VMJ, Suonio E, Dillner L, et al. Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected versus clinician-collected samples: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15(2): 172-183. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70570-9.
13. Arbyn M, Castle PE. Offering self-sampling kits for HPV testing to reach women who do not attend in the regular cervical cancer screening program. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015; 24(5): 769-772. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1417.
14. Cuzick J, Clavel C, Petry KU, Meijer CJ, Hoyer H, Ratnam S, et al. Overview of the European and North American studies on HPV testing in primary cervical cancer screening. Int J Cancer. 2006; 119(5):1095-1101. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21955.
15. Herraez-Hernandez E, Alvarez-Perez M, Navarro-Bustos G, Esquivias J, Alonso S, Aneiros-Fernandez J, et al. HPV Direct Flow CHIP: a new human papillomavirus genotyping method based on direct PCR from crude-cell extracts. J Virol Methods. 2013; 193(1): 9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.018.
16. Bouvard V, Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, et al. A review of human carcinogens-Part B: biological agents. Lancet Oncol. 2009; 10(4): 321-322.
17. Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical Human Papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: meta‐analysis of 1 Million women with normal cytological findings. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202(12): 1789-1799. doi: 10.1086/657321.
18. Clifford GM, Gallus S, Herrero R, Muñoz N, Snijders PJF, Vaccarella S, et al. Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis. Lancet. 2005; 366(9490): 991-998. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67069-9.
19. Molano M, Posso H, Weiderpass E, Van den Brule AJC, Ronderos M, Franceschi S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of HPV infection among Colombian women with normal cytology. Br J Cancer. 2002; 87(3): 324-333. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600442.
20. Muñoz N, Xavier Bosch F, Castellsagué X, Díaz M, De Sanjose S, Hammouda D, et al. Against which human papillomavirus types shall we vaccinate and screen? The international perspective. Int J Cancer. 2004; 111(2): 278-285. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20244.
21. Vargas H, Sánchez JP, Guerrero ML, Ortiz LT, Rodríguez DM, Amaya J, et al. Type-specific identification of genital human papillomavirus infection in women with cytological abnormality. Acta Cytol. 2016; 60(3): 211-216. doi: 10.1159/000446389.
22. Bruni L, Barrionuevo-Rosas L, Albero G, Serrano B, Mena M, Gómez D, et al. ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information
Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in the World. Summary Report; 2017.
23. Cuschieri KS, Cubie HA, Whitley MW, Seagar AL, Arends MJ, Moore C, et al. Multiple high risk HPV infections are common in cervical neoplasia and young women in a cervical screening population. J Clin Pathol. 2004; 57(1): 68-72.
24. Mejlhede N, Pedersen BV, Frisch M, Fomsgaard A. Multiple human papilloma virus types in cervical infections: competition or synergy? APMIS. 2010;118(5): 346-352. doi: 10.1111/
j.16000463.2010.02602.x.
25. Wentzensen N, Nason M, Schiffman M, Dodd L, Hunt WC, Wheeler CM. No evidence for synergy between human papillomavirus genotypes for the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in a large population-based study. J Infect Dis. 2014; 209(6): 855-864. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit577.
26. Carozzi FM, Ocello C, Burroni E, Faust H, Zappa M, Paci E, et al. Effectiveness of HPV vaccination in women reaching screening age in Italy. J Clin Virol. 2016; 84: 74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.09.011.
Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de la obra para fines educativos, siempre y cuando se cite la fuente.
Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Pública Internacional.