How to Cite
García Cuan, A., Medina Buelvas, A., Pinedo Otálvaro, J., Rosales Hernández, N., & Molina Solano, A. (2018). Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) in workers of a company in the electricity sector. Barranquilla - Atlantic, 2017. Salud UIS, 51(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v51n1-2019003
Abstract
Introduction: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s) in blood and tests of organic function for evaluation of the health in workers of a company of the electrical sector were determined. Methods: We selected 61 company employees Electricaribe S.A. of Barranquilla, 30 exposed to PCB’s and 31 unexposed, over 18 years without established pathology and that signed the informed consent. It was analyzed: glycemia, lipid profile, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), bilirrubin, alkaline phosphatase, pyruvic and oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). For detection of PCB’s, a chromatograph HP 5890 series II gas (Hewlett Packard), electron capture detector (EDC) and DB-5 column (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm) was used. The data were processed with Minitab 15 software, 95% confidence level. Results: It was found that 100% of workers examined showed PCB’s values lower than the minimum limit value of detection of the chromatographic method used: 4 μg / L of PCB’s, and negative clinical evaluations for any organic damage. Conclusions: No significant difference in the results between exposed and unexposed to the PCB’s workers.
References
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13. Miller-Pérez C, Sánchez-Islas E, Mucio-Ramírez S. Los contaminantes ambientales bifenilos policlorinados (PCB) y sus efectos sobre el Sistema Nervioso y la salud. Salud Ment. 2009;
32(4): 335-346.
14. Ruiz P, Faroon O, Moudgal CJ, Hansen H, De Rosa CT, Mumtaz, M. Prediction of the health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) and their metabolites using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR).Toxicology Letter, 2008; (1): 53-65.
15. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Centro de Prensa. Las dioxinas y sus efectos en la salud humana; 2014.
16. Tharappel JC, Lee EY, Robertson LW, Spear BT, Glauert HP. Regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and transcription factor activities during the promotion of liver carcinogenesis by polychlorinated biphenyls. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 179(3): 172-184. doi: 10.1006/taap.2001.9360.
17. Luna-Sánchez S, Lobeto Martínez MR, Garay Muñoz JS. Exposición laboral a hidrocarburos clorados y cáncer: revisión de la bibliografía reciente. Med Segur Trab, 2014; 60(235): 406-
419. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2014000200012.
18. Alguacil J, Porta M, Malats N, Kauppinen T, Kogevinas M, Benavides F, et al. Occupational exposure to organic solvents and K-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cáncer.
Carcinogenesis. 2002; 23(1): 101-106.
19. Ojajärvi A, Partanen T, Ahlbom A, Boffetta P, Hakulinen T, Jourenkova N, et al. Occupational exposure and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Occup. Environ med. 2000;
57(5): 316-324.
20. Oakley GG, Devanaboyina U, Robertson LW, Gupta RC. Oxidative DNA damage induced by activation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): implications for PCB-induced oxidative
stress in breast cancer. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996; 9(8): 1285-1292. doi: 10.1021/tx960103o.
21. Laden F, Ishibe N, Hankinson SE, Wolff MS, Gertig DM, Hunter DJ, et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P-450 1A1, and breast cancer risk in the Nurses’ Health Study. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002; 11(12): 1560-1565.
22. Zhang Y, Wisw JP, Holford TR, Xie H, Boyle P, Zahm SHet al. Serum polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P-450 1A1 polymorphisms, and risk of breast cancer in Connecticut
women. Am J epidemiol 2004; 160(12): 1177-1183. doi: 10.1093/aje/.
23. Carpenter OD. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): routes of exposure and effects on human health. Rev Environ Health. 2006; 21: 1-23.
24. Korkalainen M. Structure and expression of principal proteins involved in dioxin signal transduction and potentially in dioxin sensitivity. Publications of the National Public Health
Institute, KTL A11/2005.
25. Toumisto J, Pekkanen J, Kiviranta H, Tukiainen E, Vartiainen T, Viluksela, M. Dioxin cáncer risk-example of hormesis. Dose Response. 2005; 3(3): 332-341. doi: 10.2203/dose-
response.003.03.004.
26. Argemi E, Cianni N, Porta A. Disruption endocrina: perspectivas ambientales y salud pública. Acta Bioquim Clin Latinoam. 2005; 39(3): 291-300.
27. Patterson DG, Turner WE, Caudill SP, Needham LL. Total TEQ reference range (PCDDs, PCDFs, cPCBs, mono-PCBs) for the US population 2001-2001. Chemosphere. 2008; 73(Suppl 1): S261-277. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.074.
28. Patterson DG, Won Ly, Turner WE, Caudill SP, Dipietro ES, McClure PC, et al. Levels in the U.S. population of those persistent organic pollutans (2003-2004) included in the Stockholm Convention or in other long-range transboundary air pollution agreements. Environ Sci Technol. 2009; 43(4): 1211-1218. doi: 10.1021/es801966w.
29. Furst P. Dioxins, polyclorinados bifenils and other organohalogen compounds in human milk. Level, correlations, trends and exposure through breastfeeding. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006;
50(10): 922-933. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200600008.
30. Humbert O, Sergeyev O, Altshul L, Korricks SA, Williams PL, Claude E, et al. Temporal trends in suero concentrations of polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and PCBs among adults women living in Chapaevsk, Russia: a longitudinal study from 2000 to 2009. Environ Health. 2011;10: 62. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-10-62.
31. Atuma S. Method for the determination of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides in human blood serum. Enviro Contaminat Toxicol. 1999; 62(1): 8-15. doi: 10.1007/s001289900834.
32. Human Biomonitoring Commission (HBM Commission). Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an important tool in environmental medicine to asses and evaluate the level of internal exposure
of the general population, population groups and individuals to environmental toxins.
33. Ibarluzea J, Aurrekoetxea J, Porta M, Sunyer J, Ballester F. La biomonitorización de sustancias tóxicas en muestras biológicas de población general. Gaceta Sanit. 2016; 30(Suppl 1): 45-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.02.012.
34. Garcia-Cuan A, Porto DR, Lalinde MJS. Panorama actual de los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes. Biociencias. 2012, 7(1): 81-88.
35. Loayza J, Silva M, Arce G, Casafranca A. Gestión integral de residuos de bifenilos policlorados – PCB (Aspectos generales y ciclo de vida). Rev Per Quim IngQuím. 2015; 18(2): 31-39.
36. Smith AB. Draft report: Cross-Sectional Survey of a Group of Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) at an Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Plant. Br J Ind Med. 1982; 39(4): 361-369.
37. Lawton RE, Ross MR, Feingold J, Brown JF. Effects of PCB exposure on biochemical and hematological findings in capacitor workers. Envir Health Perspect. 1985; 60: 165-184. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8560165.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS): “Polychlorinated biphenyls: Human health aspects. Concise international chemical assesment document 55”. Informe de consenso
científico. Programa Internacional de Seguridad de las Sustancias Químicas (IPCS); 2003.
3. Moreno Grau MA, García Brage A. Toxicología Ambiental: Evaluación de riesgo para la salud humana. Editorial Mc Graw Hill. 2003, pp. 305.
4. Robin MM. The World According to Monsanto: Pollution, Corruption, and the Control of the of the World’s Food Supply, New Press; 2010.
5. Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades (ATSDR). Bifenilos Policlorados (PCB’s).
6. Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA). Bifenilos policlorados PCB’s.
7. Eskenazi B, Chevrier J, Goldman Rosas L, Anderson HA, Bornman M, Bouwman H, et al. The pine river statement: human health consequences of DDT use. Environ Health Perspect.
2009; 117(9): 1359-1367. doi: 10.1289/ehp.11748.
8. Colombia, Congreso de la República. Ley 253 de 1996. mediante la cual Colombia adhiere al Convenio de Basilea. Bogotá D.C. 1996.
9. Colombia, Congreso de la República. Ley 1196 del 5 de julio del 2008. Por medio de la cual se aprueba el “Convenio de Estocolmo sobre Contaminantes Orgánicos Persistentes”. Diario. Bogotá, D.C. Oficial No. 47.011. P. 1-77.
10. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Grupo factores de riesgo ambiental. Vigilancia y análisis del riesgo en salud pública. Protocolo de vigilancia en salud pública. Intoxicaciones por sustancias químicas. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia (Min Salud). 2016, Versión 02: 1-75.
11. Alcarraz M, Flores A, León J. Aislamiento primario de microorganismos lipolíticos a partir de efluentes de curtiembres. Laboratorio de Microbiol Amb Biotecnol; 2005.
12. Carrillo Cruz A, Moreno Figueredo G, Lara Osorio M. Toxicología de las dioxinas y su impacto en la salud humana. Rev Med Vet. 2010; 19.
13. Miller-Pérez C, Sánchez-Islas E, Mucio-Ramírez S. Los contaminantes ambientales bifenilos policlorinados (PCB) y sus efectos sobre el Sistema Nervioso y la salud. Salud Ment. 2009;
32(4): 335-346.
14. Ruiz P, Faroon O, Moudgal CJ, Hansen H, De Rosa CT, Mumtaz, M. Prediction of the health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) and their metabolites using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR).Toxicology Letter, 2008; (1): 53-65.
15. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Centro de Prensa. Las dioxinas y sus efectos en la salud humana; 2014.
16. Tharappel JC, Lee EY, Robertson LW, Spear BT, Glauert HP. Regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and transcription factor activities during the promotion of liver carcinogenesis by polychlorinated biphenyls. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 179(3): 172-184. doi: 10.1006/taap.2001.9360.
17. Luna-Sánchez S, Lobeto Martínez MR, Garay Muñoz JS. Exposición laboral a hidrocarburos clorados y cáncer: revisión de la bibliografía reciente. Med Segur Trab, 2014; 60(235): 406-
419. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2014000200012.
18. Alguacil J, Porta M, Malats N, Kauppinen T, Kogevinas M, Benavides F, et al. Occupational exposure to organic solvents and K-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cáncer.
Carcinogenesis. 2002; 23(1): 101-106.
19. Ojajärvi A, Partanen T, Ahlbom A, Boffetta P, Hakulinen T, Jourenkova N, et al. Occupational exposure and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Occup. Environ med. 2000;
57(5): 316-324.
20. Oakley GG, Devanaboyina U, Robertson LW, Gupta RC. Oxidative DNA damage induced by activation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): implications for PCB-induced oxidative
stress in breast cancer. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996; 9(8): 1285-1292. doi: 10.1021/tx960103o.
21. Laden F, Ishibe N, Hankinson SE, Wolff MS, Gertig DM, Hunter DJ, et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P-450 1A1, and breast cancer risk in the Nurses’ Health Study. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002; 11(12): 1560-1565.
22. Zhang Y, Wisw JP, Holford TR, Xie H, Boyle P, Zahm SHet al. Serum polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P-450 1A1 polymorphisms, and risk of breast cancer in Connecticut
women. Am J epidemiol 2004; 160(12): 1177-1183. doi: 10.1093/aje/.
23. Carpenter OD. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): routes of exposure and effects on human health. Rev Environ Health. 2006; 21: 1-23.
24. Korkalainen M. Structure and expression of principal proteins involved in dioxin signal transduction and potentially in dioxin sensitivity. Publications of the National Public Health
Institute, KTL A11/2005.
25. Toumisto J, Pekkanen J, Kiviranta H, Tukiainen E, Vartiainen T, Viluksela, M. Dioxin cáncer risk-example of hormesis. Dose Response. 2005; 3(3): 332-341. doi: 10.2203/dose-
response.003.03.004.
26. Argemi E, Cianni N, Porta A. Disruption endocrina: perspectivas ambientales y salud pública. Acta Bioquim Clin Latinoam. 2005; 39(3): 291-300.
27. Patterson DG, Turner WE, Caudill SP, Needham LL. Total TEQ reference range (PCDDs, PCDFs, cPCBs, mono-PCBs) for the US population 2001-2001. Chemosphere. 2008; 73(Suppl 1): S261-277. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.074.
28. Patterson DG, Won Ly, Turner WE, Caudill SP, Dipietro ES, McClure PC, et al. Levels in the U.S. population of those persistent organic pollutans (2003-2004) included in the Stockholm Convention or in other long-range transboundary air pollution agreements. Environ Sci Technol. 2009; 43(4): 1211-1218. doi: 10.1021/es801966w.
29. Furst P. Dioxins, polyclorinados bifenils and other organohalogen compounds in human milk. Level, correlations, trends and exposure through breastfeeding. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006;
50(10): 922-933. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200600008.
30. Humbert O, Sergeyev O, Altshul L, Korricks SA, Williams PL, Claude E, et al. Temporal trends in suero concentrations of polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and PCBs among adults women living in Chapaevsk, Russia: a longitudinal study from 2000 to 2009. Environ Health. 2011;10: 62. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-10-62.
31. Atuma S. Method for the determination of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides in human blood serum. Enviro Contaminat Toxicol. 1999; 62(1): 8-15. doi: 10.1007/s001289900834.
32. Human Biomonitoring Commission (HBM Commission). Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an important tool in environmental medicine to asses and evaluate the level of internal exposure
of the general population, population groups and individuals to environmental toxins.
33. Ibarluzea J, Aurrekoetxea J, Porta M, Sunyer J, Ballester F. La biomonitorización de sustancias tóxicas en muestras biológicas de población general. Gaceta Sanit. 2016; 30(Suppl 1): 45-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.02.012.
34. Garcia-Cuan A, Porto DR, Lalinde MJS. Panorama actual de los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes. Biociencias. 2012, 7(1): 81-88.
35. Loayza J, Silva M, Arce G, Casafranca A. Gestión integral de residuos de bifenilos policlorados – PCB (Aspectos generales y ciclo de vida). Rev Per Quim IngQuím. 2015; 18(2): 31-39.
36. Smith AB. Draft report: Cross-Sectional Survey of a Group of Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) at an Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Plant. Br J Ind Med. 1982; 39(4): 361-369.
37. Lawton RE, Ross MR, Feingold J, Brown JF. Effects of PCB exposure on biochemical and hematological findings in capacitor workers. Envir Health Perspect. 1985; 60: 165-184. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8560165.
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