Resumo
Introducción: La hipertensión arterial tiene una alta prevalencia y es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, las cuales afectan mayormente a adultos mayores (AM). Como estrategia terapéutica el ejercicio de fuerza isométrica de prensión manual ha demostrado resultados efectivos en la respuesta hipotensora. Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia sobre los mecanismos fisiológicos responsables de la hipotensión inducida posterior al ejercicio. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del entrenamiento de prensión manual de intensidad ascendente sobre la cinética de oxigenación muscular en adultos mayores hipertensos tipo l. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un entrenamiento de intensidad ascendente de prensión manual durante 4 semanas, sobre un grupo experimental (GE; n: 25), contrastado con un entrenamiento al 30% de la fuerza de prensión manual (FMP) grupo control (GC; n: 25). Se valoraron las siguientes variables hemodinámicas y antropométricas: frecuencia cardiaca (FC), presión arterial (PA), oxigenación muscular, peso, talla e índice de masa corporal (IMC), analizando los cambios pre y post entrenamiento. Resultados: En ambos grupos posterior a la intervención disminuye de manera significativa la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) (GC: 123,6 ± 2,42 a 114,6 ± 2,36 y GE: 128,1 ± 1,56 a 111,4 ± 2,31) y FC (70,84 ± 1,92 a 64,08 ± 1,87 y 69,72 ± 2,01 a 64 ± 1,98) respectivamente. El mayor cambio de oxigenación muscular (OM) y percepción de esfuerzo se observa sólo en el GE (57,68 ± 1,34 a 64,56 ± 1,05 y 6,4 ±0,23 a 3,64 ± 0,23). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de FMP de intensidad ascendente es un método valioso y mejor tolerado en personas mayores para disminuir la PA al compararlo con el GC. En cuanto al uso de los sensores de espectroscopía del infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) Moxy, se debe realizar una evaluación adicional para determinar los tiempos de entrenamiento y los límites en porcentajes de OM.
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