Keywords
Mass Screening
Uterine Neoplasms
Prostatic Neoplasms
Health services
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical and prostate cancers have a significant burden of disease in developing countries. Selfefficacy
to request screening is a key element in prevention. Objective: To compare the perception of men and
women on self-efficacy for cervical and prostate cancer screening. Methods: Mixed study with 50 women and 50
men. Sociodemographic data was investigated. The cervical cancer detection self-efficacy scale was applied, with a
modification for measuring prostate cancer in men. Self-efficacy was classified by levels and the variables associated
with it were identified with robust regression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals (18
men and 9 women) with low and high self-efficacy and of “other religion” to know the differences in the intention
of the screening. Three categories of analysis were created based on the health belief model. Results: Women and
men were similar except for religion, occupation, and history of Pap smear or rectal exam. Self-efficacy was higher
among women (Adj. β: -15.29, 95% CI: -18.36 to -12.21) and non-believers (Adj. β: -5.38, 95% CI: -10.33 to
-0.44). They seek screening more than men because they need to have symptoms. Shame and discomfort are barriers
expressed by both genders. In men, machismo is a strong barrier to request screening. Religion associates sex with
impurity, thus, acts as a barrier among women. Health care services only focus on female screening. Conclusions:
gender roles and elements of religion are cultural expressions, which determine the intention of cancer detection
in men and women. Health services interventions should consider these elements to improve the coverage of early
detection and reduce the morbidity and mortality of these two types of cancer.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Claudia Isabel Amaya-Castellanos, Germán Andrés Gómez-Rincón, Laura García-Aparicio, María Paula Torres-Ortiz