Resumo
Introducción: el síndrome del edificio enfermo se ha asociado con la ocupación de edificios de oficinas. Las causas del syndrome son factores que actúan en combinación, destacándose la microbiota que se propaga por el aire u otros elementos, o por las personas a varias áreas del edificio. Objetivo: determinar la composición fúngica y bacteriana y su relación con parámetros ambientales de temperatura y humedad relativa, y sintomatología asociada al síndrome del edificio enfermo. Metodología: se tomaron muestras en la oficina de almacén e inventario, espacio subdividido en seis sectores de aproximadamente 8,6 m2 cada uno. Se empleó un impactador de aire para la estimación cuantitativa de bacterias y hongos y se registraron datos de temperatura y humedad relativa. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos semanales, con 144 muestras en total. Se encuestó a los funcionarios sobre síntomas asociados al síndrome del edificio enfermo. Resultados: las concentraciones microbianas estuvieron dentro de los límites recomendados para ambientes interiores. Se halló una mayor concentración bacteriana (x̄ = 54,39 ± 54,51 UFC / m3) con ocho especies, las más frecuentes fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus y Staphylococcus aureus. Los hongos presentaron menor abundancia, pero mayor diversidad, con 23 géneros, entre los que sobresalen Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., y Rhizopus sp. Se estableció relación entre la exposición al aerosol microbiano, ocupación y los parámetros ambientales registrados. Conclusiones: la combinación de datos de carga microbiana en interiores con los efectos sobre la salud causados por la inhalación de microorganismos específicos en aerosoles, permitirá evaluar diversos riesgos de salud para los trabajadores.
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