Resumo
Dos miradas antagónicas se identifican con respecto a los comportamientos y prácticas sociales relacionadas con salud. La primera destaca la capacidad que tienen los individuos de tomar decisiones racionales para prevenir y controlar la mayoría de las enfermedades. En este caso, la atención se centra en las motivaciones y comportamientos del sujeto, y en lo que comúnmente se denomina estilos de vida en salud. Este abordaje individual tiende a desestimar la relevancia de los contextos sociales en los que viven las personas, al asumir que los grupos humanos están conformados por sujetos solitarios que procuran sus intereses personales, en menoscabo de procesos de coordinación de una acción mediante acuerdos intersubjetivos. Desde este abordaje, los comportamientos de riesgo en salud se entienden como productos de decisiones voluntarias, sin considerar las circunstancias sociales. La segunda perspectiva asume, por el contrario, que los comportamientos humanos están determinados por estructuras sociales que les restringen su capacidad de agencia. Se plantea entonces una preeminencia de los andamiajes sociales por encima de los sujetos, postura que tiene similitudes con el funcionalismo sistémico y el estructuralismo sociológico, los cuales privilegian el uso de metáforas tomadas de la biología para explicar los procesos sociales.
Referências
Wiley LF, Berman ML, Blanke D. Who’s your nanny? Choice, paternalism and public health in the age of personal responsibility. J Law Med Ethics. 2013; 41 Suppl 1: 88-91. doi: 10.1111/jlme.12048
Álvarez LS. Los estilos de vida en salud: del individuo al contexto. Rev Fac Nac Salud Pública. 2012; 30(1): 95-101.
Glass TA, McAtee MJ. Behavioral science at the crossroads in public health: extending horizons, envisioning the future. Soc Sci Med. 2006; 62(7): 1650-1671. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.044
Giddens A. The constitution of society. Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge: Polity; 1984.
Sallis J, Owen N, Fisher E. The scope of the health behaviors. En: Glanz K, Rimer B, Viswanath K. (eds.) Health behavior and health education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2015.
MCLeroy KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. An ecology perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q. 1988; 15(4): 351-377. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500401
Krieger, N. Epidemiology and the people’s health. Theory and context. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383874.001.0001
Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. The scope of the health behaviors. En: Health behavior. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco; 2015.
WHO (World Health Organization). The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva: WHO; 2005. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/fctc/en/
Gorini G. Interventi per il controllo del tabagismo: approccio individuale, comunitario, di regolamentazione e di sistema [Individual, community, regulatory, and systemic approaches to tobacco control interventions]. Epidemiol Prev. 2011; 35(3-4 Suppl 1): 33-49.
Vygotsky L, Cole M. Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1978.
Bronfenbrenner, U. The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; 1979.
Bronfenbrenner U. Developmental ecology through space and time: A future perspective. In: P Moen, GH Elder, Jr, & K Lüscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development. Washington D. C: American Psychological Association; 1995 (p. 619–647).
McAlister AL, Perry CL, Parcel GS. How individuals, environments and health behaviors interact. Social cognitive theory. In: Glanz K, Rimer B, Viswanath K. (eds.) Health behavior and health education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008.
Bandura A. Health promotion from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Psychol Health. 1998; 13: 623–649. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449808407422
Ashford S, Edmunds J, French DP. What is the best way to change self-efficacy to promote lifestyle and recreational physical activity? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Health Psychol. 2010; 15(Pt 2): 265-288. doi: 10.1348/135910709X461752
Brockway M, Benzies K, Hayden KA. Interventions to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and resultant breastfeeding rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Lact. 2017; 33(3): 486-499. doi: 10.1177/0890334417707957
Gwaltney CJ, Metrik J, Kahler CW, Shiffman S. Self-efficacy and smoking cessation: a meta-analysis. Psychol Addict Behav. 2009; 23(1): 56-66. doi: 10.1037/a0013529
Mohammadi S, Ghajari H, Valizade R, Ghaderi N, Yousefi F, Taymoori P, et al. Predictors of smoking among the secondary high school boy students based on the health belief model. Int J Prev Med. 2017; 13: 8-24. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_264_16
Riaz M, Lewis S, Naughton F, Ussher M. Predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2018; 113(4): 610-622. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14135
Leshargie CT, Alebel A, Kibret GD, Birhanu MY, Mulugeta H, Malloy P, et al. The impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students in Ethiopia: A systemic review and metaanalysis. PloS one. 2019; 14(10): e0222572. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222572
Vitória P, Pereira SE, Muinos G, Vries H, Lima ML. Parents modelling, peer influence and peer selection impact on adolescent smoking behavior: A longitudinal study in two age cohorts. Addict Behav. 2020; 100: 106131. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106131
Ford P, Clifford A, Gussy K, Gartner C. A systematic review of peer-support programs for smoking cessation in disadvantaged groups. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013; 10(11): 5507-5522. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10115507
Gao M, Li Y, Wang F, Zhang S, Qu Z, Wan X, et al. The effect of smoke-free legislation on the mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19(1): 1269. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7408-7
Gómez L. Democracia deliberativa y salud pública. Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; 2017.
Barnoya J, Mejia R, Szeinman D, Kummerfeldt CE. Tobacco point-of-sale advertising in Guatemala City, Guatemala and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tob Control. 2010; 19(4): 338-341. doi: 10.1136/tc.2009.031898
Lee K, Freudenberg N, Zenone M, Smith J, Mialon M, Marten R, et al. Measuring the commercial determinants of health and disease: A proposed framework. Int J Health Serv. 2022; 52(1): 115-128. doi: 10.1177/00207314211044992
Giovenco DP, Spillane TE, Merizier JM. Neighborhood differences in alternative tobacco product availability and advertising in New York City: Implications for health disparities. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019; 21(7): 896-902. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty244
Chaloupka FJ, Powell LM, Warner KE. The use of excise taxes to reduce tobacco, alcohol, and sugary beverage consumption. Annu Rev Public Health. 2019; 40: 187–201. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043816
Barnoya, J, Glantz, S. Tobacco industry success in preventing regulation of secondhand smoke in Latin America: the “Latin Project”. Tob Control. 2002; 11(4): 305–314. doi: 10.1136/tc.11.4.305
Krieger N. Proximal, distal, and the politics of causation: what’s level got to do with it? Am J Public Health. 2008; 98(2): 221-230. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.111278
Villamizar GA, Navarro-Vargas JR. Asbestos in Colombia: Industry versus science and health. Rev Fac Medicina. 2019; 67(4): 521-525.
Peñaloza M. Desafíos en el diseño e implementación de los programas de cesación de tabaquismo en América Latina y el Caribe. [Tesis de Maestría en Salud Pública]. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; 2024.
Hainz T, Bossert S, Strech D. Collective agency and the concept of ‘public’ in public involvement: A practiceoriented analysis. BMC Med Ethics. 2016; 17: 1. doi: 10.1186/s12910-015-0083-z
Rwafa-Ponela T, Goudge J Christofides N. Organizational structure and human agency within the South African health system: a qualitative case study of health promotion. Health Policy Plan. 2021; 36(Supplement_1): i46-i58. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czab086
Lee JG, Henriksen L, Rose SW, Moreland-Russell S, Ribisl KM. A systematic review of neighborhood disparities in point-of-sale tobacco marketing. Am J Public Health. 2015; 105(9): e8-e18. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302777
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.