Palabras clave
Factores de riesgo
Centrales termoeléctricas
Riesgos laborales
Salud laboral
Centrales eléctricas
Campo magnético
Gases de efecto invernadero
Morbilidad
Centrales termoeléctricas
Riesgos laborales
Salud laboral
Centrales eléctricas
Campo magnético
Gases de efecto invernadero
Morbilidad
Cómo citar
Guzmán-González, yazhir. (2020). Riesgos y peligros laborales en termoeléctricas. Salud UIS, 52(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v52n3-2020006
Resumen
Introducción: la demanda de energía eléctrica va de la mano del aumento de la población, por lo que para satisfacerla se debe asegurar la capacidad de generación eléctrica, esto incentivaría la construcción de plantas térmicas; aumentando los trabajadores expuestos a los peligros de termoeléctricas. Esta revisión tiene como fin identificar cuáles riesgos y peligros en termoeléctricas han sido estudiadas en el mundo durante el periodo 2007-2017. Objetivo: identificar, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, los principales peligros a que están expuestos los trabajadores de termoeléctricas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática teniendo en cuenta las recomendaciones de la guía PRISMA, se tuvieron en cuenta estudios acerca de los factores de riesgos a los que se exponen el personal de operaciones de centrales térmicas; para la búsqueda se establecieron dos algoritmos con descriptores DeCS y MeSH en las bases de datos Scopus, Pubmed, Scient Direct y Google académico, encontrándose 21 publicaciones que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: los peligros más relevantes para los trabajadores en termoeléctricas son físicos, ergonómicos, químicos, biológicos y psicosociales. Conclusión: los trabajadores de termoeléctricas están expuestos a varios peligros que pueden aumentar el riesgo de ocasionarles enfermedades respiratorias, musculoesqueleticas, pérdida de capacidad auditiva, cáncer, leucemia y su variedad, pericarditis, Alzheimer, Parkinson, daño genético y celular; también se pudo evidenciar que el efecto en la salud por exposición en campos magnéticos requiere de estudios de más profundidad.
Referencias
1. Federación de aseguradores colombianos. Estadísticas del ramo. Reporte por clase de riesgo y actividad económica. Bogotá 2018 (internet). Bogotá: Fasecolda; 2018. https://sistemas.fasecolda.com/rldatos/Reportes/xClaseGrupoActividad.aspx
2. Ministerio de Minas de Colombia. Nuevo plan de expansión eléctrico mantiene impulso renovable. Bogotá 2017 marzo 21 (internet). Bogotá: UPME. http://www.upme.gov.co/Comunicados/2017/Comunicado_UPME_02_2017.pdf
3. García S. Operación y mantenimiento de centrales ciclo combinado. Madrid, España: Díaz de Santos; 2008.
4. Sorahan T, Kheifets L. Mortality from Alzheimer’s, motor neuron and Parkinson’s disease in relation to magnetic field exposure: findings from the study of UK electricity generation and transmission workers, 1973-2004. Occup Environ Med. 2007; 64(12), 820-826.doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2006.031559
5. Celik M, Donbak L, Unal F, Yüzbasioglu D, Aksoy H, Yilmaz S. (2007). Cytogenetic damage in workers from a coal-fired power plant. Mutat Res. 2007; 627(2), 158-163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.11.003
6. Rohr AC, Campleman SL, Long CM, Peterson MK, Weatherstone S, Quick W, et al. Potential occupational exposures and health risks associated with biomass-based power generation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015; 12(7), 8542-8605. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120708542
7. Felten MK, Knoll L, Eisenhawer C, Ackermann D, Khatab K, Hüdepohl J et al. Retrospective exposure assessment to airborne asbestos among power industry workers. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2010; 5(15), 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-5-15
8. Zbikowska E, Kletkiewicz H, Walczak M, Burkowska A. Coexistence of Legionella pneumophila bacteria and free-living amoebae in lakes serving as a cooling system of a power plant. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2014; 225(8): 2066. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2066-y
9. Jumpponen M, Rönkkömäki H, Pasanen P, Laitinen J. Occupational exposure to gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in biomass-fired power plants. Chemosphere. 2013; 90(3): 1289-1293. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.001
10. Sorahan T. Magnetic fields and leukaemia risks in uk electricity supply workers. Occup Med (Lond). 2014; 64(3): 150-156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqu002
11. Sorahan T, Mohammed N. Neurodegenerative disease and magnetic field exposure in UK electricity supply workers. Occup Med (Lond). 2014; 64(6): 454-460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqu105
12. Jumpponen M, Rönkkömäki H, Pasanen P, Laitinen J. Occupational exposure to solid chemical agents in biomass-fired power plants and associated health effects. Chemosphere.2014; 104, 25-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.025
13. García PV, Linhares D, Amaral AFS, Rodrigues AS. Exposure of thermoelectric power-plant workers to volatile organic compounds from fuel oil: genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in buccal epithelial cells. Muta Res. 2012; 747(2), 197-201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.05.008
14. Rodriguez-Garcia JA, Ramos F. High incidence of acute leukemia in the proximity of some industrial facilities in el Bierzo, northwestern Spain. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012; 25(1): 22-30. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-012-0010-1
15. Kawalkar UG, Kakrani V, Nagaonkar S, Vedpathak VL, Dahire PL, Kogade, PG. Morbidity profile of employees working in a thermal power station parali. Natl J Community Med. 2014; 5(2), 161-164.
16. Guida HFS, Brito J, Alvarez D. Gestão do trabalho, saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores de termelétricas: um olhar sob o ponto de vista da atividade. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2013; 18(11), 3125-3136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013001100003
17. Braga C, Rodrigues V, Campos J, De Souza A, Minette LJ, De Moraes AC et al. Evaluation of thermal overload in boiler operators. Work. 2012; 41(1), 470-475. doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-0198-470
18. Abejie BA, Chung EH, Nesto RW, Kales SN. Grand rounds: asbestos-related pericarditis in a boiler operator. Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116(1), 86-89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10354
19. Laitinen J, Koponen H, Sippula O, Korpijärvi K, Jumpponen M, Laitinen S et al. Peak exposures to main components of ash and gaseous diesel exhausts in closed and open ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled power plants. Chemosphere. 2017; 185, 183-191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.012
20. Ugarte-Avilés T, Manterola C, Cartes-Velásquez R, Otzen, T. Impact of proximity of thermoelectric power plants on bronchial obstructive crisis rates. BMC Public Health. 2017; 17(1), 1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-4008-7
21. Miller RD, Neuberger JS, Gerald KB. Brain cancer and leukemia and exposure to power-frequency (50- to 60-Hz) electric and magnetic fields. Epidemiol Rev. 1997; 19(2), 273-293. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017958
22. Miller AB, Wall C, Agnew DA, Green LM. Leukemia following occupational exposure to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields among Ontario electric utility workers and Cancer risks associated with occupational exposure to magnetic fields among electric utility workers in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Am J Epidemiol.1997; 145(6), 567-568. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008902
23. Miranda R, Llanes JS, Perdomo M. Defensa en profundidad para la evaluación de riesgos laborales por ruido en termoeléctrica. Med Segur Trab. 2015; 61(240): 354-366. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2015000300005
24. Agnihotri VK, Dandotiya DS, Agrawal SK. A total ergonomics model for integration of Health, safety and work to improve productivity of thermal Power Plants. Int J Modern Eng Res. 2013; 3(4), 1890-1893. doi: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1065519.v1
25. Miranda R, Pell S, Llanes JS, Perdomo M. Laborales por escalones de defensa en termoeléctrica de 100 mw s ld 200. Informatica. 2013; http://www.informatica2013.sld.cu/index.php/informaticasalud/2013/paper/view/422/40.
26. Argudo A. Análisis de las publicaciones en el tema de la presbicia. (p.p 7). Alicante, España. Universidad de Alicante; 2015.
27. Broussard G, Bramanti O, Marchese FM. Occupational risk and toxicology evaluations of industrial water conditioning. Occupational Medicine.1997; 47(6), 337-340. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/47.6.337
28. Carin Febres-Cordero Phelan A, Guédez V. Diagnóstico de riesgos psicosociales en proyecto chino-venezolano: construcción planta termoeléctrica. Orp J. 2016; 6, 3-10. http://www.orpjournal.com/index.php/ORPjournal/article/view/42.
29. Erdal N, Erdal ME, Gurgul S. Lack of effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor gene p18(INK4C) in electric energy workers. Arch Med Res. 2005; 36(2): 120-123. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.12.015.
30. Felipe Sexto L. Análisis de ruido en áreas de la central termoeléctrica Habana. Ing Mecánica. 2002; 5(3): 25-29. http://www.ingenieriamecanica.cujae.edu.cu/index.php/revistaim/article/view/289/629.
31. Colombia. Ministerio de trabajo. Decreto 1607 de 2002. Por el cual se modifica la tabla de clasificación de actividades económicas para el sistema general de riesgos profesionales.
32. Nakagawa M. A study on extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields and cancer: Discussion of EMF safety limits. J Occup Health.1997; 39(1), 18-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.39.18
33. Portafolio. Habrá cinco plantas térmicas al 2018 en el país. http://www.portafolio.co/negocios/empresas/habra-cinco-plantas-termicas-2018-pais-113288.
34. Tebsa. Termobarranquilla S.A E.S.P. Somos Tebsa. https://www.tebsa.com.co/somos-tebsa/.
35. XM. Compañía expertos en mercado. S. A E.S.P. Consumo. Pronóstico de demanda. https://www.xm.com.co/Paginas/Consumo/pronostico-de-demanda.aspx
36. XM. Compañía expertos en mercado. S.A E.S.P. informe general del mercado enero de 2018. https://www.xm.com.co/Informes%20Mensuales%20de%20Anlisis%20del%20Mercado/00_General_Mercado_01_2018.pdf
37. Zuzewicz K, Konarska M. The effect of age and time of a 24-hour period on accidents at work in operators. Int Congress Series. 2005; 1280: 333-338. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.02.083
38. Gurney JG, Van Wijngaarden E. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) and brain cancer in adults and children: review and comment. Neuro Oncol. 1999; 1(3), 212-220. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fneuonc%2F1.3.212
39. Vangelova K, Deyanov C, Israel M. Cardiovascular risk in operators under radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006; 209(2), 133-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.09.008
40. Luksamijarulkul P, Kornkrerkkiat S, Saranpuetti C, Sujirarat D. Predictive factors of Legionella pneumophila contamination in cooling tower water. Air Soil Water Res. 2014; 7(7), 11-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.4137%2FASWR.S12972
41. McCurdy AL, Wijnberg L, Loomis D, Savitz D, Nylander-French LA. Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields among working women and homemakers. The Annals Occup Hyg. 2001; 45(8): 643-650. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4878(01)00034-5
42. Vaasma T, Kaasik M, Loosaar J, Kiisk M, Tkaczyk AH. Long-term modelling of fly ash and radionuclide emissions as well as deposition fluxes due to the operation of large oil shale-fired power plants. J Environ Radioact. 2017; 178-179: 232-244. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.017
43. Mancuso V, Giacobbe F, Faranda F, Diaco T. Integrated, health, safety and environmental management system. Case study of power plant. Chem Engine Transactions. 2014; 36: 313-318. doi: https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1436053
44. Vangelova K, Israel M, Mihaylov S. The effect of low level radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on the excretion rates of stress hormones in operators during 24-hour shifts. Cent Eur J Public Health.2002; 10(1-2): 24-28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12096679/
45. Lolea M, Dzitac S. Aspects regarding the practical evaluation of the exposure level in electric and magnetic. ANNALS Fac Engine Hunedoara Int J Engine. 2016; 4: 129-138. http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2016/ANNALS-2016-4-19.pdf
46. Pesch B, Ranft V, Jakubis P, Niewenhuijsen MJ, Hergemoller A, Unfried et al. Environmental arsenic exposure from a coal-burning power plant as a potential risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer: results from a case-control study in the district of Prievidza, Slovakia. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 155(9), 798-809. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.9.798
47. Kelsh MA, Sahl JD. (1997). Mortality among a cohort of electric utility workers, 1960-1991. Am J Ind Med. 1997; 31(5): 534-544. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199705)31:5<534::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-T
48. Volberg V, Fordyce T, Leonhard M, Mezei G, Vergara X, Krishen L. Injuries among electric power industry workers, 1995-2013. J Safety Res. 2017, 60: 9-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2016.11.001
2. Ministerio de Minas de Colombia. Nuevo plan de expansión eléctrico mantiene impulso renovable. Bogotá 2017 marzo 21 (internet). Bogotá: UPME. http://www.upme.gov.co/Comunicados/2017/Comunicado_UPME_02_2017.pdf
3. García S. Operación y mantenimiento de centrales ciclo combinado. Madrid, España: Díaz de Santos; 2008.
4. Sorahan T, Kheifets L. Mortality from Alzheimer’s, motor neuron and Parkinson’s disease in relation to magnetic field exposure: findings from the study of UK electricity generation and transmission workers, 1973-2004. Occup Environ Med. 2007; 64(12), 820-826.doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2006.031559
5. Celik M, Donbak L, Unal F, Yüzbasioglu D, Aksoy H, Yilmaz S. (2007). Cytogenetic damage in workers from a coal-fired power plant. Mutat Res. 2007; 627(2), 158-163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.11.003
6. Rohr AC, Campleman SL, Long CM, Peterson MK, Weatherstone S, Quick W, et al. Potential occupational exposures and health risks associated with biomass-based power generation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015; 12(7), 8542-8605. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120708542
7. Felten MK, Knoll L, Eisenhawer C, Ackermann D, Khatab K, Hüdepohl J et al. Retrospective exposure assessment to airborne asbestos among power industry workers. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2010; 5(15), 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-5-15
8. Zbikowska E, Kletkiewicz H, Walczak M, Burkowska A. Coexistence of Legionella pneumophila bacteria and free-living amoebae in lakes serving as a cooling system of a power plant. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2014; 225(8): 2066. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2066-y
9. Jumpponen M, Rönkkömäki H, Pasanen P, Laitinen J. Occupational exposure to gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in biomass-fired power plants. Chemosphere. 2013; 90(3): 1289-1293. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.001
10. Sorahan T. Magnetic fields and leukaemia risks in uk electricity supply workers. Occup Med (Lond). 2014; 64(3): 150-156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqu002
11. Sorahan T, Mohammed N. Neurodegenerative disease and magnetic field exposure in UK electricity supply workers. Occup Med (Lond). 2014; 64(6): 454-460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqu105
12. Jumpponen M, Rönkkömäki H, Pasanen P, Laitinen J. Occupational exposure to solid chemical agents in biomass-fired power plants and associated health effects. Chemosphere.2014; 104, 25-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.025
13. García PV, Linhares D, Amaral AFS, Rodrigues AS. Exposure of thermoelectric power-plant workers to volatile organic compounds from fuel oil: genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in buccal epithelial cells. Muta Res. 2012; 747(2), 197-201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.05.008
14. Rodriguez-Garcia JA, Ramos F. High incidence of acute leukemia in the proximity of some industrial facilities in el Bierzo, northwestern Spain. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012; 25(1): 22-30. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-012-0010-1
15. Kawalkar UG, Kakrani V, Nagaonkar S, Vedpathak VL, Dahire PL, Kogade, PG. Morbidity profile of employees working in a thermal power station parali. Natl J Community Med. 2014; 5(2), 161-164.
16. Guida HFS, Brito J, Alvarez D. Gestão do trabalho, saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores de termelétricas: um olhar sob o ponto de vista da atividade. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2013; 18(11), 3125-3136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013001100003
17. Braga C, Rodrigues V, Campos J, De Souza A, Minette LJ, De Moraes AC et al. Evaluation of thermal overload in boiler operators. Work. 2012; 41(1), 470-475. doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-0198-470
18. Abejie BA, Chung EH, Nesto RW, Kales SN. Grand rounds: asbestos-related pericarditis in a boiler operator. Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116(1), 86-89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10354
19. Laitinen J, Koponen H, Sippula O, Korpijärvi K, Jumpponen M, Laitinen S et al. Peak exposures to main components of ash and gaseous diesel exhausts in closed and open ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled power plants. Chemosphere. 2017; 185, 183-191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.012
20. Ugarte-Avilés T, Manterola C, Cartes-Velásquez R, Otzen, T. Impact of proximity of thermoelectric power plants on bronchial obstructive crisis rates. BMC Public Health. 2017; 17(1), 1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-4008-7
21. Miller RD, Neuberger JS, Gerald KB. Brain cancer and leukemia and exposure to power-frequency (50- to 60-Hz) electric and magnetic fields. Epidemiol Rev. 1997; 19(2), 273-293. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017958
22. Miller AB, Wall C, Agnew DA, Green LM. Leukemia following occupational exposure to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields among Ontario electric utility workers and Cancer risks associated with occupational exposure to magnetic fields among electric utility workers in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Am J Epidemiol.1997; 145(6), 567-568. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008902
23. Miranda R, Llanes JS, Perdomo M. Defensa en profundidad para la evaluación de riesgos laborales por ruido en termoeléctrica. Med Segur Trab. 2015; 61(240): 354-366. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2015000300005
24. Agnihotri VK, Dandotiya DS, Agrawal SK. A total ergonomics model for integration of Health, safety and work to improve productivity of thermal Power Plants. Int J Modern Eng Res. 2013; 3(4), 1890-1893. doi: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1065519.v1
25. Miranda R, Pell S, Llanes JS, Perdomo M. Laborales por escalones de defensa en termoeléctrica de 100 mw s ld 200. Informatica. 2013; http://www.informatica2013.sld.cu/index.php/informaticasalud/2013/paper/view/422/40.
26. Argudo A. Análisis de las publicaciones en el tema de la presbicia. (p.p 7). Alicante, España. Universidad de Alicante; 2015.
27. Broussard G, Bramanti O, Marchese FM. Occupational risk and toxicology evaluations of industrial water conditioning. Occupational Medicine.1997; 47(6), 337-340. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/47.6.337
28. Carin Febres-Cordero Phelan A, Guédez V. Diagnóstico de riesgos psicosociales en proyecto chino-venezolano: construcción planta termoeléctrica. Orp J. 2016; 6, 3-10. http://www.orpjournal.com/index.php/ORPjournal/article/view/42.
29. Erdal N, Erdal ME, Gurgul S. Lack of effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor gene p18(INK4C) in electric energy workers. Arch Med Res. 2005; 36(2): 120-123. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.12.015.
30. Felipe Sexto L. Análisis de ruido en áreas de la central termoeléctrica Habana. Ing Mecánica. 2002; 5(3): 25-29. http://www.ingenieriamecanica.cujae.edu.cu/index.php/revistaim/article/view/289/629.
31. Colombia. Ministerio de trabajo. Decreto 1607 de 2002. Por el cual se modifica la tabla de clasificación de actividades económicas para el sistema general de riesgos profesionales.
32. Nakagawa M. A study on extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields and cancer: Discussion of EMF safety limits. J Occup Health.1997; 39(1), 18-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.39.18
33. Portafolio. Habrá cinco plantas térmicas al 2018 en el país. http://www.portafolio.co/negocios/empresas/habra-cinco-plantas-termicas-2018-pais-113288.
34. Tebsa. Termobarranquilla S.A E.S.P. Somos Tebsa. https://www.tebsa.com.co/somos-tebsa/.
35. XM. Compañía expertos en mercado. S. A E.S.P. Consumo. Pronóstico de demanda. https://www.xm.com.co/Paginas/Consumo/pronostico-de-demanda.aspx
36. XM. Compañía expertos en mercado. S.A E.S.P. informe general del mercado enero de 2018. https://www.xm.com.co/Informes%20Mensuales%20de%20Anlisis%20del%20Mercado/00_General_Mercado_01_2018.pdf
37. Zuzewicz K, Konarska M. The effect of age and time of a 24-hour period on accidents at work in operators. Int Congress Series. 2005; 1280: 333-338. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.02.083
38. Gurney JG, Van Wijngaarden E. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) and brain cancer in adults and children: review and comment. Neuro Oncol. 1999; 1(3), 212-220. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fneuonc%2F1.3.212
39. Vangelova K, Deyanov C, Israel M. Cardiovascular risk in operators under radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006; 209(2), 133-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.09.008
40. Luksamijarulkul P, Kornkrerkkiat S, Saranpuetti C, Sujirarat D. Predictive factors of Legionella pneumophila contamination in cooling tower water. Air Soil Water Res. 2014; 7(7), 11-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.4137%2FASWR.S12972
41. McCurdy AL, Wijnberg L, Loomis D, Savitz D, Nylander-French LA. Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields among working women and homemakers. The Annals Occup Hyg. 2001; 45(8): 643-650. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4878(01)00034-5
42. Vaasma T, Kaasik M, Loosaar J, Kiisk M, Tkaczyk AH. Long-term modelling of fly ash and radionuclide emissions as well as deposition fluxes due to the operation of large oil shale-fired power plants. J Environ Radioact. 2017; 178-179: 232-244. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.017
43. Mancuso V, Giacobbe F, Faranda F, Diaco T. Integrated, health, safety and environmental management system. Case study of power plant. Chem Engine Transactions. 2014; 36: 313-318. doi: https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1436053
44. Vangelova K, Israel M, Mihaylov S. The effect of low level radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on the excretion rates of stress hormones in operators during 24-hour shifts. Cent Eur J Public Health.2002; 10(1-2): 24-28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12096679/
45. Lolea M, Dzitac S. Aspects regarding the practical evaluation of the exposure level in electric and magnetic. ANNALS Fac Engine Hunedoara Int J Engine. 2016; 4: 129-138. http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2016/ANNALS-2016-4-19.pdf
46. Pesch B, Ranft V, Jakubis P, Niewenhuijsen MJ, Hergemoller A, Unfried et al. Environmental arsenic exposure from a coal-burning power plant as a potential risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer: results from a case-control study in the district of Prievidza, Slovakia. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 155(9), 798-809. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.9.798
47. Kelsh MA, Sahl JD. (1997). Mortality among a cohort of electric utility workers, 1960-1991. Am J Ind Med. 1997; 31(5): 534-544. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199705)31:5<534::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-T
48. Volberg V, Fordyce T, Leonhard M, Mezei G, Vergara X, Krishen L. Injuries among electric power industry workers, 1995-2013. J Safety Res. 2017, 60: 9-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2016.11.001
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