Palabras clave
Entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad
obesidad
consumo de oxígeno
alteración autonómica
tejido adiposo
obesidad
consumo de oxígeno
alteración autonómica
tejido adiposo
Cómo citar
Espinoza-Salinas, A., Arenas-Sánchez, G., Silva-Huenopil, B., Osorio-Marambio, S., Firinguetti-Balocchi, C., & Zafra-Santos, E. (2018). Análisis del componente rápido de la cinética de recuperación del consumo de oxígeno tras un programa HIIT de 10 días en un grupo de obesos. Salud UIS, 50(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v50n1-2018001
Resumen
Introducción: El sujeto obeso evidencia una disminución de la capacidad funcional (CF), que entre otros factorescomprende una cinética del consumo de oxígeno (VO2) más lenta, asociada a una posible relación entre el tejido adiposo y una desregulación crónica del sistema nervioso autónomo, tanto en condiciones de reposo como de ejercicio. Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento del tau rápido de la cinética off del consumo de oxígeno, luego de la aplicación de un protocolo de ejercicio interválico de alta intensidad y corta duración (HIIT) en un grupo de obesos. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio comparativo, experimental y longitudinal de corto plazo en cinco sujetos obesos seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado. Se valoraron las siguientes variables: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura, cinética del consumo de oxígeno y aquellas dependientes del procedimiento. Los datos de VO2 v/s tiempo se ingresaron al Software Graph Pad Prism 6, (Graph Pad Prism versión 6.01 para Windows®) donde se depuraron promediando intervalos de 10 segundos y fueron ajustados a un modelo de función bi-exponencial. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo por medio del Software SigmaPlot 12.5 para Windows® usando las siguientes estadísticas de resumen: media, desviación estándar y rango. Resultados: La edad media fue 25,13 + 0,62 años. La mayor variación al analizar los resultados en ambas fases del estudio (pre-intervención: 43,09 + 7,78 s; post-intervención: 26,85 + 3,78 s) se encontró en el tau rápido del VO2 (p= 0,034). Conclusiones: El entrenamiento de alta intensidad y corta duración realizado en un período de 10 días logra un efecto positivo sobre el componente rápido de la cinética off del VO2 para la población estudiada, mejorando así el tiempo de recuperación posterior al esfuerzo físico.
Referencias
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9. Barstow TJ. Characterization of VO2 kinetics during heavy exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994; 26(11): 1327-1334.
10. Montero JC, Cúneo A, Facchini M, Bressan J. Comprehensive treatment of obesity and its prevention. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2002; 25(1): 175-186.
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12. Corte de Araujo AC, Roschel H, Picanço AR, do Prado DM, Villares SM, de Sá Pinto AL, et al. Similar health benefits of endurance and highintensity interval training in obese children. PLoS One. 2012; 7(8): e42747.
13. Duarte C, de Castro C, de Araujo C. Treinamento para disfunção vagal cardíaca com repetições da transição repouso-exercício. Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde. 2013; 18(6): 688-967.
14. Bell C, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM, Padilla J, Cunningham DA. Comparison of modelling techniques used to characterise oxygen Uptake kinetics During the on- transient of exercise. Exp Physiol. 2001; 86(5): 667-676.
15. Vivier, L. Évaluation de la contribution du système aérobie lors d’une épreuve de 1500 m en curse à pied. 2005. 122.
16. Hughson RL. Oxygen uptake kinetics: historical perspective and future directions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009; 34(5): 840-850.
17. Lupton H, Hill A. An analysis of the effects of speed on the mechanical efficiency of human muscular movement. J Physiol. 1923; 57(6): 337-353.
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19. Gaesser GA, Brooks GA. Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: a review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984; 16(1): 29-43.
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21. Stupnicki R, Gabryś T, Szmatlan-Gabryś U, Tomaszewski P. Fitting a single-phase model to the post-exercise changes in heart rate and oxygen uptake. Physiol Res. 2010; 59(3): 357-362.
22. Matsuura C, Meirelles C, Gomes P. Gasto energético e consumo de oxigênio pós-exercício contraresistência. Rev Nutr. 2006; 19(6): 729-740.
23. Neto A, Farinatti P. Consumo de oxigênio após exercício resistido: uma abordagem crítica sobre os fatores determinantes de sua magnitude e duração. Braz. J Biomotricity. 2009; 3(2): 96-110.
24. Junior N. Matemática da cinética do VO2 e da contribuição do sistema de energia durante o exercício: um estudo de revisão. Rev Brasil Prescrição Fisiol Exercício. 2012; 6(36): 578-603.
25. Álvarez GE, Beske SD, Ballard TP, Davy KP. Sympathetic neural activation in visceral obesity. Circulation. 2002; 106 (20): 2533-2536.
26. Espinoza A, Acuña S, Sánchez P, Zafra E. Revisión bibliográfica: Efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en el balance autonómico y la cinética del consumo de oxígeno en sujetos obesos. Rev Horiz Cienc Act Fís. 2016; (7): 30-45.
27. Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low -volume, high intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012; 590: 1077-1084. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725.
28. Álvarez LC, Ramírez-Campillo R, Flores OM, Henríquez-Olguín C, Campos JC, Carrasco V, et al. Respuestas metabólicas inducidas por ejercicio físico de alta intensidad en mujeres sedentarias con glicemia basal alterada e hipercolesterolemia. Rev Méd Chile. 2013; 141(10): 1293-1299.
29. Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, highintensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012; 590(5): 1077-1084.
30. Hernández R, Fernández C, Baptista P. Metodología de la investigación. 5ta edición. México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2010.
31. Jones A, Poole D. Oxygen Uptake kinetics in sport, exercise and medicine. J Sports Sci Med. 2005; 4(1): 84.
32. Rosso S. La Cinética del Consumo de Oxígeno. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013; (72): 37-43.
33. Forman DE, Myers J, Lavie CJ, Guazzi M, Celli B, Arena R. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing: relevant but underused. Postgrad Med. 2010; 122(6): 68-86.
34. Salvadego D, Lazzer S, Busti C, Galli R, Agosti F, Lafortuna C, et al. Gas exchange kinetics in obese adolescents. Inferences on exercise tolerance and prescription. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010; 299(5): R1298-1305.
35. Paterson DH, Whipp BJ. Asymmetries of oxygen uptake transients at the on-and offset of heavy exercise in humans. J Physiol. 1991; 443: 575-586.
36. Padilla-Pérez, J. The on- and off-transient phase two VO2 kinetics during submaximal exercise in young men. Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2013; 80 (1): 6-13.
37. Barstow TJ, Molé PA. Linear and nonlinear characteristics of oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1991; 71(6): 2099-2106.
38. Özyener F, Rossiter HB, Ward SA, Whipp BJ. Influence of exercise intensity on the on- and offtransient kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake in humans. J Physiol. 2001; 533(Pt 3): 891-902.
39. Engelen M, Porszasz J, Riley M, Wasserman K, Maehara K, Barstow TJ. Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on O2 uptake and heart rate kinetics during heavy exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1996; 81(6): 2500-2508.
40. Marwood S, Roche D, Garrard M, Unnithan VB. Pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics during recovery in trained and untrained male adolescents. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111(11): 2775-2784.
41. Fukuoka Y, Grassi B, Conti M, Guiducci D, Sutti M, Marconi C, et al. Early effects of exercise training on on-and off-kinetics in 50-year-old subjects. Pflugers Arch. 2002; 443(5-6): 690-697.
42. Billat VL, Mille-Hamard L, Demarle A, Koralsztein JP. Effect of training in humans on off-and ontransient oxygen uptake kinetics after severe exhausting intensity runs. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002; 87(6): 496-505.
43. Sousa A, Rodríguez FA, Machado L, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes RJ. Exercise modality effect on oxygen uptake off- transient kinetics at maximal oxygen uptake intensity. Exp Physiol. 2015; 100(6): 719-729.
44. López-Chicharro J, Fernández-Vaquero A. Fisiología del Ejercicio. 3era edición. Madrid: Ed. Médica Panamericana. 2006.
45. Hernández-Jiménez, S. Fisiopatología de la obesidad. Gac Méd Méx. 2004; 140(2): 27-32.
46. Heath, Edward M. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2002; 34: 903.
47. Boyd JC, Simpson CA, Jung ME, Gurd BJ. Reducing the intensity and volume of interval training diminishes cardiovascular adaptation but not mitochondrial biogenesis in overweight/obese men. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7): e68091.
48. McNarry MA, Lambrick D, Westrupp N, Faulkner J. The influence of a six-week, high-intensity games intervention on the pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in prepubertal obese and normal-weight children. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015; 40(10): 1012-1018.
49. Salassi J. The acute effects of various highintensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on cardiopulmonary and metabolic function. California State University, Long Beach. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2014.
50. Liang H1, Ward WF. PGC-1α: a key regulator of energy metabolism. Adv Physiol Educ. 2006; 30(4): 145-151.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Informe Mundial Sobre la Diabetes. Ginebra. 2016; (4): 1-4.
3. Rodríguez DA, Garcia-Aymerich J, Valera JL, Sauleda J, Togores B, Galdiz JB, et al. Determinants of exercise capacity in obese and non-obese COPD patients. Respir Med. 2014; 108(5): 745-751.
4. Lambrick D, Faulkner J, Westrupp N, McNarry M. The influence of body weight on the pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in pre-pubertal children during moderate- and heavy intensity treadmill exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013; 113(8): 1947-1955.
5. Salome CM, King GG, Berend N. Physiology of obesity and effects on lung function. J Appl Physio. 2010; 108(1): 206-211.
6. Littleton SW. Impact of obesity on respiratory function. Respirology. 2012; 17(1): 43-49.
7. DeLorey DS, Wyrick BL, Babb TG. Mild-tomoderate obesity: implications for respiratory mechanics at rest and during exercise in young men. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005; 29(9): 1039-1047.
8. Kriketos AD, Baur LA, O’Connor J, Carey D, King S, Caterson ID, et al. Muscle fibre type composition in infant and adult populations and relationships with obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997; 21(9): 796-801.
9. Barstow TJ. Characterization of VO2 kinetics during heavy exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994; 26(11): 1327-1334.
10. Montero JC, Cúneo A, Facchini M, Bressan J. Comprehensive treatment of obesity and its prevention. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2002; 25(1): 175-186.
11. Gómez S, Marcos A. A comprehensive approach to treating adolescent obesity. Rev Med Univ Navarra. 2006; 50(4): 23-25.
12. Corte de Araujo AC, Roschel H, Picanço AR, do Prado DM, Villares SM, de Sá Pinto AL, et al. Similar health benefits of endurance and highintensity interval training in obese children. PLoS One. 2012; 7(8): e42747.
13. Duarte C, de Castro C, de Araujo C. Treinamento para disfunção vagal cardíaca com repetições da transição repouso-exercício. Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde. 2013; 18(6): 688-967.
14. Bell C, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM, Padilla J, Cunningham DA. Comparison of modelling techniques used to characterise oxygen Uptake kinetics During the on- transient of exercise. Exp Physiol. 2001; 86(5): 667-676.
15. Vivier, L. Évaluation de la contribution du système aérobie lors d’une épreuve de 1500 m en curse à pied. 2005. 122.
16. Hughson RL. Oxygen uptake kinetics: historical perspective and future directions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009; 34(5): 840-850.
17. Lupton H, Hill A. An analysis of the effects of speed on the mechanical efficiency of human muscular movement. J Physiol. 1923; 57(6): 337-353.
18. Hill A, Long C, Lupton H. Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, containing papers of a biological character. 1924; 97(681): 84-138.
19. Gaesser GA, Brooks GA. Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: a review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984; 16(1): 29-43.
20. McArdle W, Katch V, Katch F; Schofield D. Fisiología del ejercicio: energía, nutrición y rendimiento humano. 1a edición. Madrid: Alianza: Consejo Superior de Deportes, 1995; 2: 119-136.
21. Stupnicki R, Gabryś T, Szmatlan-Gabryś U, Tomaszewski P. Fitting a single-phase model to the post-exercise changes in heart rate and oxygen uptake. Physiol Res. 2010; 59(3): 357-362.
22. Matsuura C, Meirelles C, Gomes P. Gasto energético e consumo de oxigênio pós-exercício contraresistência. Rev Nutr. 2006; 19(6): 729-740.
23. Neto A, Farinatti P. Consumo de oxigênio após exercício resistido: uma abordagem crítica sobre os fatores determinantes de sua magnitude e duração. Braz. J Biomotricity. 2009; 3(2): 96-110.
24. Junior N. Matemática da cinética do VO2 e da contribuição do sistema de energia durante o exercício: um estudo de revisão. Rev Brasil Prescrição Fisiol Exercício. 2012; 6(36): 578-603.
25. Álvarez GE, Beske SD, Ballard TP, Davy KP. Sympathetic neural activation in visceral obesity. Circulation. 2002; 106 (20): 2533-2536.
26. Espinoza A, Acuña S, Sánchez P, Zafra E. Revisión bibliográfica: Efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en el balance autonómico y la cinética del consumo de oxígeno en sujetos obesos. Rev Horiz Cienc Act Fís. 2016; (7): 30-45.
27. Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low -volume, high intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012; 590: 1077-1084. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725.
28. Álvarez LC, Ramírez-Campillo R, Flores OM, Henríquez-Olguín C, Campos JC, Carrasco V, et al. Respuestas metabólicas inducidas por ejercicio físico de alta intensidad en mujeres sedentarias con glicemia basal alterada e hipercolesterolemia. Rev Méd Chile. 2013; 141(10): 1293-1299.
29. Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, highintensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012; 590(5): 1077-1084.
30. Hernández R, Fernández C, Baptista P. Metodología de la investigación. 5ta edición. México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2010.
31. Jones A, Poole D. Oxygen Uptake kinetics in sport, exercise and medicine. J Sports Sci Med. 2005; 4(1): 84.
32. Rosso S. La Cinética del Consumo de Oxígeno. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013; (72): 37-43.
33. Forman DE, Myers J, Lavie CJ, Guazzi M, Celli B, Arena R. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing: relevant but underused. Postgrad Med. 2010; 122(6): 68-86.
34. Salvadego D, Lazzer S, Busti C, Galli R, Agosti F, Lafortuna C, et al. Gas exchange kinetics in obese adolescents. Inferences on exercise tolerance and prescription. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010; 299(5): R1298-1305.
35. Paterson DH, Whipp BJ. Asymmetries of oxygen uptake transients at the on-and offset of heavy exercise in humans. J Physiol. 1991; 443: 575-586.
36. Padilla-Pérez, J. The on- and off-transient phase two VO2 kinetics during submaximal exercise in young men. Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2013; 80 (1): 6-13.
37. Barstow TJ, Molé PA. Linear and nonlinear characteristics of oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1991; 71(6): 2099-2106.
38. Özyener F, Rossiter HB, Ward SA, Whipp BJ. Influence of exercise intensity on the on- and offtransient kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake in humans. J Physiol. 2001; 533(Pt 3): 891-902.
39. Engelen M, Porszasz J, Riley M, Wasserman K, Maehara K, Barstow TJ. Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on O2 uptake and heart rate kinetics during heavy exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1996; 81(6): 2500-2508.
40. Marwood S, Roche D, Garrard M, Unnithan VB. Pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics during recovery in trained and untrained male adolescents. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111(11): 2775-2784.
41. Fukuoka Y, Grassi B, Conti M, Guiducci D, Sutti M, Marconi C, et al. Early effects of exercise training on on-and off-kinetics in 50-year-old subjects. Pflugers Arch. 2002; 443(5-6): 690-697.
42. Billat VL, Mille-Hamard L, Demarle A, Koralsztein JP. Effect of training in humans on off-and ontransient oxygen uptake kinetics after severe exhausting intensity runs. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002; 87(6): 496-505.
43. Sousa A, Rodríguez FA, Machado L, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes RJ. Exercise modality effect on oxygen uptake off- transient kinetics at maximal oxygen uptake intensity. Exp Physiol. 2015; 100(6): 719-729.
44. López-Chicharro J, Fernández-Vaquero A. Fisiología del Ejercicio. 3era edición. Madrid: Ed. Médica Panamericana. 2006.
45. Hernández-Jiménez, S. Fisiopatología de la obesidad. Gac Méd Méx. 2004; 140(2): 27-32.
46. Heath, Edward M. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2002; 34: 903.
47. Boyd JC, Simpson CA, Jung ME, Gurd BJ. Reducing the intensity and volume of interval training diminishes cardiovascular adaptation but not mitochondrial biogenesis in overweight/obese men. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7): e68091.
48. McNarry MA, Lambrick D, Westrupp N, Faulkner J. The influence of a six-week, high-intensity games intervention on the pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in prepubertal obese and normal-weight children. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015; 40(10): 1012-1018.
49. Salassi J. The acute effects of various highintensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on cardiopulmonary and metabolic function. California State University, Long Beach. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2014.
50. Liang H1, Ward WF. PGC-1α: a key regulator of energy metabolism. Adv Physiol Educ. 2006; 30(4): 145-151.
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