Abstract
Introduction: Dropout and desertion from higher education is a concern shared by the world’s educational systems, as they constitute a widespread phenomenon that negatively impacts the economic and social development of countries, especially developing countries. Objective: To determine the frequency, risk factors, and characteristics of nursing students who intend to drop out of school at a public university. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was developed, whose population consisted of 81 students selected through a stratified probabilistic sample. Risk factors of university student dropout questionnaire were used, and a new instrument was built and validated to assess the characteristics of students with the intention of dropping out. The statistical analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics using parametric and nonparametric tests. The bivariate OR and regression analysis were calculated as a measure of association. Results: The frequency of intention to drop out of school was 45.6%, possibly associated with male gender, coming from Neiva, having an average level of motivation, regular social interaction, a normal state of health, personal reasons, preferring to study at another university, considering dropping out during the last month and having a good relationship with classmates. Among the characteristics of the students with the intention of dropping out, the revision of topics from other subjects, poor concentration during classes, and lack of participation in representative activities or social groups of either the program or the university were found. Conclusions: The high frequency of intention to drop out of school in the nursing program may be influenced by individual, socioeconomic, and academic factors, being necessary to promote reflections on the strategies that the university and specifically the program can carry out and implement to mitigate this problem and that result in the permanence and graduation of these students.
References
Ramírez T, Bello Díaz R, Salcedo A. ¿Abandono o deserción estudiantil?: Una necesaria discusión conceptual. Inv Postgrado. 2017; 32(1): 63-74
Cajigal Molina E, Arias Gómez L, Rafael E, Heredia F. Resiliencia y deserción escolar. Un estudio para plantear estrategias desde la tutoría en la educación superior. Rev Inv Educativa. 2022; (34). doi: https://doi.org/10.25009/cpue.v0i34.2794
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Consejo Internacional de Enfermería, Nursing Now. Situación de Enfermería en el Mundo 2020: invertir en educación, empleo y liderazgo. Ginebra: OMS; 2020. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332164/9789240004948-spa.pdf
Chan ZCY, Cheng WY, Fong MK, Fung YS, Ki YM, Li YL, et al. Curriculum design and attrition among undergraduate nursing students: A systematic review. Nurse Educ Today. 2019; 74: 41–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.11.024
Ten Hoeve Y, Castelein S, Jansen G, Roodbol P. Dreams and disappointments regarding nursing: Student nurses’ reasons for attrition and retention. A qualitative study design. Nurse Educ Today. 2017; 54: 28–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.04.013
Ashghali Farahani M, Ghaffari F, Oskouie F, Zagheri Tafreshi M. Attrition among Iranian nursing students: A qualitative study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2017; 22: 98–104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.01.002
Dante A, Ferrão S, Jarosova D, Lancia L, Nascimento C, Notara V, et al. Nursing student profiles and occurrence of early academic failure: Findings from an explorative European study. Nurse Educ Today. 2016; 38: 74–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.12.013
Arreciado Marañón A, Isla Pera MP. Confusion about professional autonomy among final-year nursing students in Spain. J Prof Nurs. 2019; 35(2): 147–152. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.07.008
Ferreyra MM, Avitabile C, Botero Alvarez J, Haimovich Paz F, Urzúa S. At a Crossroads: HighernEducation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Directions in development - human development. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications; 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1014-5_fm
Gutiérrez Alvares D, Vélez Díaz JF, López Marín J. Indicadores de deserción universitaria y factores asociados. EducaT: Educación virtual, Innovación y Tecnologías. 2021; 2(1): 15–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.22490/27452115.4738
Castrejón Acuña GK. Factores sociodemográficos y su influencia en la elección de la carrera de enfermería Escuela Académico profesional de enfermería Cajamarca (Perú): Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; 2018. Disponible en: http://repositorio.unc.edu.pe/handle/20.500.14074/2098
Romero Encalada ID, Mora Veintimilla GR, Paccha Tamay L, Chamba Tandazo MJ. La deserción en la formación académica de la Carrera de Enfermería. Domin Ciencias. 2020; 6(3): 6. doi: https://doi. org/10.23857/dc.v6i3.1435
Pérez Cardoso CN, Cerón Mendoza EA, Suárez Mella RP, Mera Martínez ME, Briones Bermeo NP, Zambrano Loor LY, et al. Deserción y repitencia en estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería matriculados en el período 2010-2015. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador. 2017. Educ Médica. 2019; 20(2): 84–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2017.12.013
Ávalos Blaser JL, Flores Agüero MG, Moena González BP. Deserción de la carrera de enfermería. BENESSERE Rev Enf. 2017; 2(1).
Montoya Hernández JD, Avedaño Aldana Y. Caracterización de los estudiantes en deserción del programa de enfermería de la Universidad de Santander UDES en el periodo del 2013 al 2016 Bucaramanga Colombia [Tesis de grado]. Bucaramanga: Universidad de Santander; 2017. Disponible en: https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/97
Vargas Porras C, Parra DI, Roa Díaz ZM. Factores relacionados con la intención de desertar en estudiantes de enfermería. Rev Cienc Cuidado. 2019; 86–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.1545
Escobar Pérez J, Cuervo Martínez Á. Validez de contenido y juicio de expertos: Una aproximación a su utilización. Av Medición. 2008; 6: 27–36.
Skjong R, Wentworth BH. Expert judgment and risk perception. OnePetro. 2001; ISOPE-I-01-423.
Guzmán Ruiz C, Durán Muriel D, Franco Gallego J. Desercion estudiantil en educación superior colombiana. Metodología de seguimiento, diagnóstico y elementos para su prevención. 1st ed. Ministerio de Educación Nacional, editor. Bogotá: Ministerio de Educación Nacional; 2009. 1–158 p. Disponible en: https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/sistemasdeinformacion/1735/articles-254702_libro_desercion.pdf
Cárdenas Ballesteros NJ, Díaz Rodríguez AM, Chaparro Ortiz AE. Revisión sistemática de los factores que inciden en la deserción académica en la educación superior. [Tesis de grado]. Bucaramanga: Universidad de Santander; 2021. Disponible en: https://repository.ucc.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/1c3fc2ac-d3a5-42b6-b539-e296141a7385/content
Benítez Girón AS, Espinosa Villacorte MC, Perea Santacruz NA, Zafra Hernánde SP. Análisis de los factores de deserción estudiantil en el programa de pregrado enfermería de una universidad privada del municipio de Palmira, Colombia. 2019. Arch Venez Farmacol Terapéutica. 2019; 38(4): 446–448.
Duque LC, Duque JC, Suriñach J. Learning outcomes and dropout intentions: an analytical model for Spanish universities. Educ Stud. 2013; 39(3): 261–84. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2012.724353
Bakker EJM, Roelofs PDDM, Kox JHAM, Miedema HS, Francke AL, van der Beek AJ, et al. Psychosocial work characteristics associated with distress and intention to leave nursing education among students; A one-year follow-up study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021; 101: 104 853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104853
Suriñach J, Duque Cardona JC, Duque Zuluaga LC, Ramos Lobo R, Royuela Mora V. Resultados del aprendizaje e intenciones de abandono: un modelo de análisis para la universidad española. AQR Lab. 2017. Disponible en: https://www.ub.edu/aqrlab/resultados-del-aprendizaje-intencionesde-abandono-un-modelo-de-analisis-para-launiversidad-espanola-p-41-es
Duque JC, Montes I, Rodríguez S, Jaramillo A. Intención de abandono en estudiantes de pregrado: factores y soluciones. Documentos de Trabajo CIEF. Univ EAFIT. 2014; Disponible en: https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000122/012001.html
Oliveira Silva G, Aredes NDA, Galdino-Júnior H. Academic performance, adaptation and mental health of nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Pract . 2021; 55: 103 145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103145
Laguado Ceron EA, Perez Campos DO, Salas Mosquera JDR, Segura Cortes JC, Vanegas Vanegas AV. Factores de deserción que presentan los estudiantes que abandonaron el programa de enfermería de las cohortes 2012- 1 a 2015-1 de la Universidad Surcolombiana. Neiva: Surcolombiana; 2017. Disponible en: https://biblioteca.usco.edu.co/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=32337
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Diego Fernando Rosero-Medina, Ingrid Yolercy Troche-Gutiérrez, Luz Omaira Gómez-Tovar