Keywords
Mucous secretion
Antimicrobial activity
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
How to Cite
Abstract
Achatina fulica, a terrestrial mollusk, is considered a pest which represents a risk to the environment and human health; however, its mucous secretion represents an important source of bioactive molecules, with potential in the biomedical field. The objective of this study was to obtain semi-purified protein fractions from mucus secretion and evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The mucus secretion of A. fulica was homogenized with PBS with protease inhibitors. Separation was performed with Sephadex G-25 to remove salts and impurities, and the biological crude was lyophilized for subsequent analysis and separation by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The chromatographic fractions, as well as the mucous secretion, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms using the broth microdilution technique. The chromatographic fractions were additionally analyzed by MALDI-TOF. A total of five fractions were collected by semi-preparative liquid chromatography. All the fractions obtained, as well as homogenized mucous secretion and the crude obtained by G-25 were determined for the inhibition percentage against the study strains. Fraction F-01 showed the highest antimicrobial effect against S. aureus CMPUJ015, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50% of the population of 628.6 μg/ mL. However, no significant biological activity was determined against the other microorganisms tested. Mass spectrometric analysis of fraction F-01 identified the presence of a possible antimicrobial peptide corresponding to an m/z value of 2145.237 [M+H+]. The antimicrobial effect of chromatographic fractions derived from the mucous secretion of A. fulica was evaluated against different microorganisms of interest, where the F-01 fraction showed a higher inhibitory effect mainly against S. aureus.
References
OMS. Antimicrobial Resistance, Global Report on Surveillance. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/
Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 Guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2023; ciad428. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad428
Talbot GH, Bradley J, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Scheld M, Bartlett JG. Bad bugs need drugs: an update on the development pipeline from the antimicrobial availability task force of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 42(5): 657-668. doi: 10.1086/499819
World Health Organization. Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) Report. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, et al. Bad bugs, no drugs: No ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infectious Diseases. 2009; 48: 1-18. doi: 10.1086/595011
WHO. Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240093461
CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Bethesda: CDC; 2019. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:82532
Lee AS, de Lencastre H, Garau J, Kluytmans J, Malhotra-Kumar S, Peschel A, et al. Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018; 4(1): 1-23. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.33
Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 31(4). doi: 10.1128/CMR.00020-18
Ondusko DS, Nolt D. Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr Rev. 2018; 39(6): 287-298. doi: 10.1542/pir.2017-0224
Sarowska J, Futoma-Koloch B, Jama-Kmiecik A, Frej-Madrzak M, Ksiazczyk M, Bugla-Ploskonska G, et al. Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: Recent reports. Gut Pathog. 2019; 11(1): 1-16. doi:10.1186/S13099-019-0290-0/TABLES/5
Orrego-Marin CP, Henao-Mejia CP, Cardona-Arias JA. Prevalencia de infección urinaria, uropatógenos y perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Acta Med Colomb. 2014; 39(4): 352-358.
Guerrero-Ceballos DL, Burbano-Rosero EM, Mondragon EI. Characterization of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections in Southern Colombia. Univ Sci. 2020; 25(3): 463-488. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.SC25-3.coar
Gómez-Duarte OG. Enfermedad diarreica aguda por Escherichia coli enteropatógenas en Colombia. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2014; 31(5): 577-586. doi: 10.4067/S0716-10182014000500010
Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnol Adv. 2019; 37(1): 177-192. doi: 10.1016/J.BIOTECHADV.2018.11.013
Luján Roca DA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: un adversario peligroso. Acta Bioqu Clin Latinoam. 2014; 48(4): 465-474.
OMS. Plan de acción mundial sobre la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Ginebra: OMS; 2016. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/publications/i/item/9789241509763
Castañeda Casimiro J, Ortega Roque JA, Venegas Medina AM, Aquino Andrade A, Serafín López J, Estrada Parra S. et al. Péptidos antimicrobianos: péptidos con múltiples funciones. Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr. 2009; 18(1): 16-29.
Suarez CJ, Kattán JN, Guzmán AM, Villegas MV. Mecanismos de resistencia a carbapenems en P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter y Enterobacteriaceae y estrategias para su prevención y control. Infectio. 2006; 10(2): 85-93.
Balandin SV, Ovchinnikova TV. Antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates. Part 1. structure, biosynthesis, and evolution. Russ J Bioorg Chem. 2016; 42(3): 229-248. doi: 10.1134/S1068162016030055
Sperstad SV, Haug T, Blencke HM, Styrvold OB, Li C, Stensvåg K. Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates: Challenges and perspectives in marine antimicrobial peptide discovery. Biotechnol Adv. 2011; 29(5): 519-530. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.021
Gauri SS, Mandal SM, Pati BR, Dey S. Purification and structural characterization of a novel antibacterial peptide from Bellamya bengalensis: Activity against ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Peptides (NY). 2011; 32(4): 691-696. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.01.014
Okeniyi FA, Oghenochuko OM, Olawoye SO, Animashahun RA, Adeyonu AG, Akpor OB. Antimicrobial potentials of mucus mucin from different species of giant African land snails on some typed culture pathogenic bacteria. Asian J Agric Biol. 2022; 2022(4): 202107294. doi: 10.35495/ajab.2021.07.294
Mafranenda DN, Kriswandini IL, Arijani E. Antimicrobial proteins of Snail mucus (Achatina fulica) against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Dent J. 2014; 47(1): 31-36. doi: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v47.i1.p31-36
Zodape GV. A study on presence of bioactive compounds in snail Achantina fulica. J Appl Nat Science. 2010; 2(2): 266-268. doi: 10.31018/jans.v2i2.133
Liao NB, Chen SG, Ye XQ, Zhong J, Ye X,Yin X, et al. Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2014; 62(11): 2344-2352. doi: 10.1021/jf403896c
Santana WA, Melo CM de, Cardoso JC, Pereira-Filho RN, RAbelo AS, Reis FP, et al. Assessment of antimicrobial activity and healing potential of mucous secretion of Achatina fulica. Int J Morphol. 2012; 30(2): 365-373. doi: 10.4067/S0717-95022012000200001
Pereira AE, Rey A, López JP, Castro JP, Uribe N. Caracterización físico-química y actividad antimicrobiana de la secreción mucosa de Achatina fulica. Salud UIS. 2016; 48(2): 188-195. doi: https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v48n2-2016003
Zhong J, Wang W, Yang X, Yan X, Liu R. A novel cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide from the mucus of the snail of Achatina fulica. Peptides. 2013; 39: 1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.001
Raut SK, Barker GM. Achatina fulica Bowdich and other Achatinidae as pests in tropical agriculture. In: Barker GM, ed. Molluscs as Crop Pests. Wallingford: CABI Publishing; 2002. 55-114. doi: 10.1079/9780851993201.0055
Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Informe especial: Caracol Gigante Africano. Bogotá: ICA; 2015. https://www.ica.gov.co/Periodico-Virtual/Prensa/Informe-especial-Caracol-Gigante-Africano.aspx
Ghosh AK, Hirasawa N, Lee YS, Kim YS, Shin KH, Ryu N, et al. Inhibition by acharan sulphate of angiogenesis in experimental inflammation models. Br J Pharmacol. 2002; 137(4): 441-448. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704886
Iguchi SM, Aikawa T, Matsumoto JJ. Antibacterial activity of snail mucus mucin. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1982; 72(3): 571-574. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(82)90123-2
Kanzawa N, Shintani S, Ohta K, Kitajima S, Ehara T, Kobayashi H, et al. Achacin induces cell death in HeLa cells through two different mechanisms. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004; 422(1): 103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.12.007
Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Recomendaciones del ICA para prevención, manejo y control del caracol gigante africano. Bogotá: ICA; 2021. Disponible en: https://www.ica.gov.co/noticias/recomendaciones-del-icapara-prevencionmanejo-y
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Grupo de Riesgos en inocuidad de alimentos y plaguicidas. Concepto científico sobre consumo de caracol gigante africano y su implicación en salud. Bogotá: INS; 2016. Disponible en: https://www.ins.gov.co/Direcciones/Vigilancia/Publicaciones%20ERIA%20y%20Plaguicidas/CONCEPTO%20CARACOL%20AFRICANO.pdf
Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970; 227(5259): 680-685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0
Cruz J, Flórez J, Torres R, Uirquiza M, Gutiérrez JA, Guzmán F, et al. Antimicrobial activity of a new synthetic peptide loaded in polylactic acid or poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Nanotechnology. 2017; 28(13): 135102. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5f63
Das PPG, Bhattacharyya B, Bhagawati S, Nath DJ, Sarmah K. Methods of extraction of mucin from giant african snail Achatina fulica BOWDICH. Indian J Entomology. 2022; 84(2): 296-300. doi: 10.55446/IJE.2021
Suárez L, Pereira A, Hidalgo W, Uribe N. Antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-virulence activity of biactive fractions from mucus secretion of giant African snail Achatina fulica against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(12). doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121548
Tang W, Zhang H, Wang L, Qian H. New cationic antimicrobial peptide screened from boiled-dried anchovies by immobilized bacterial membrane liposome chromatography. J Agric Food Chem. 2014; 62: 1564-1571. doi: 10.1021/jf4052286
Ma B, Guo Y, Fu X, Jin Y. Identification and antimicrobial mechanisms of a novel peptide derived from egg white ovotransferrin hydrolysates. LWT. 2020; 131. doi: 10.1016/J.LWT.2020.109720
E-Kobon T, Thongararm P, Roytrakul S, Meesuk L, Chumnanpuen P. Prediction of anticancer peptides against MCF-7 breast cancer cells from the peptidomes of Achatina fulica mucus fractions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2016; 14: 49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.11.005
Kubota Y, Watanabe Y, Tamiya T, Tsuchiya T, Matsumoto JJ. Purification and characterization of an antibacterial factor from snail mucus. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1985; 82(2): 345-348.
Ogawa M, Nakamura S, Atsuchi T, Tamiya T, Tsuchiya T, Nakai S. Macromolecular antimicrobial glycoprotein, achacin, expressed in a methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. FEBS Lett. 1999; 448(1): 41-44. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00327-0
Ehara T, Kitajima S, Kanzawa N, Tamiya T, Tsuchiya T. Antimicrobial action of achacin is mediated by L-amino acid oxidase activity. FEBS Lett. 2002; 531(3): 509-512. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03608-6
Obara K, Otsuka-Fuchino H, Sattayasai N, Nonomura Y, Tsuchiya T, Tamiya T. Molecular cloning of the antibacterial protein of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica Férussac. Eur J Biochem. 1992; 209(1): 1-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17254.x
Mukherjee S, Barman S, Sarkar S, Mandal NC, Bhattacharya S. Antibacterial activity of Achatina CRP and its mechanism of action. Indian J Exp Biol. 2014; 52(7): 692-704.
Berniyanti T, Waskito EB, Suwarno S. Biochemical characterization of an antibactrial glycoprotein from Achatina fulica ferussac snail mucus local isolate and their implication on bacterial dental infection. Indones J Biotechnol. 2007; 12(1): 943-951. doi: 10.22146/ijbiotech.7765
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 William Fernando Hidalgo-Bucheli, Libardo Andrés Suárez-Largo, Nelson Uribe-Delgado