Palavras-chave
Imunidade
Linfócitos
SARS-CoV-2
Coronavirus
COVID.19
Infecção
Manifestações clínicas
Terapia
Linfócitos
SARS-CoV-2
Coronavirus
COVID.19
Infecção
Manifestações clínicas
Terapia
Como Citar
Chaparro-Mérida, N.-. A., & Franco-Lacato, A.-O. (2020). Aspectos clínicos e imunológicos da infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Salud UIS, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v52n3-2020010
Resumo
Objetivo: descrever os aspectos moleculares e celulares da resposta imune contra SARS-CoV-2; e as repercussões clínicas, produto de mecanismos imunes. Introdução: o aparecimento de pneumonia atípica na China, em dezembro de 2019, causou confinamento global. O agente responsável por essa doença foi nomeado pelo Comitê Internacional de Taxonomia de Vírus como SARS-CoV-2 e a doença que produz foi nomeada COVID-19 pela OMS em 11 de fevereiro de 2020. Metodologia: para este estudo descritivo, ele pesquisou os bancos de dados de Pubmed, Science, Nature, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, medRxiv e Google scholar; cujos descritores utilizados foram COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, linfócitos, anticorpos e imunidade; incluindo 128 estudos na revisão. Resultados: As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes produzidas pela SARS-CoV-2 são: febre, tosse seca e fadiga; sendo os idosos que mais frequentemente apresentam complicações como síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo, arritmias, insuficiência cardíaca aguda e choque séptico. Reduções significativas nas células NK do sangue periférico, células B, células T CD4 + e CD8 + foram identificadas em pacientes com sintomas moderados e graves de COVID-19. Discussão: As células NK e os macrófagos são responsáveis pela contenção e eliminação viral nos estágios iniciais da infecção por SARS-CoV-2. A relevância da resposta humoral para contenção e eliminação de SARS-CoV-2 não é clara. A resposta citotóxica dos linfócitos T é essencial para a resolução completa da infecção por SARS-CoV-2, uma vez que alcançam a eliminação das células infectadas. Não existe tratamento antiviral recomendado específico para COVID-19 e, atualmente, não existe vacina disponível.
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