Palavras-chave
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemia
Escuelas
Niños
Adolescentes
Como Citar
Resumo
Introducción: la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 generó el cierre de los colegios y el inicio de la educación virtual,
como medida para disminuir la propagación del virus. Rápidamente, se planteó el regreso a los colegios; sin
embargo, es probable que exista un rechazo de los padres por el regreso a clases de forma presencial o mediante alternancia. Por esta razón, se evaluaron los factores asociados a esta oposición. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal mediante una encuesta, dirigida a padres que acuden a consultorios con sus hijos en varias ciudades de Colombia. Se determinó el porcentaje de padres que deseaban mantener la escolarización mediante la virtualidad y los factores asociados que motivan a no aceptar el pronto retorno a clases presenciales. Se realizó un análisis de regresión binomial para estimar razones de prevalencia (RP), ajustado a la edad de los padres, tomando como variable dependiente la aceptación de la virtualidad como estrategia para no regresar a los colegios, y se determinaron los factores de mayor importancia en la no aceptación del retorno a clases. Resultados: el 81,06 % de los padres no acepta el retorno a clase de forma presencial. El principal factor asociados a esta decisión fue que
alguno de los padres presentara alguna comorbilidad, principalmente, hipertensión y obesidad. Tener hijos mayores de 10 años (RP: 2,64: IC 95 %: 1,48-4,72), convivir con personas mayores de 70 años (RP: 2,2; IC 95 %; 1,46-3,29) y conocer alguna persona fallecida por COVID-19 (RP: 1,86; IC 95 %: 1,42-2,44) también fueron asociadas a no aceptar el retorno a clase presencial. Conclusiones: existe una clara tendencia a mantener la virtualidad como opción educativa en Colombia para el no regreso a clases presenciales en población de estrato medio y alto. Los factores asociados sugieren una forma de protección familiar. Esta evidencia debe considerarse específica para el periodo de recolección de datos y el grupo incluido en el estudio. Se requieren estudios en los estratos socioeconómicos más bajos, donde se supone ocurren más efectos adversos asociados al no retorno a clases presenciales.
Referências
Fisher D, Teo YY, Nabarro D. Assessing national performance in response to COVID-19 -Lancet. 2020; 396(10252): 653-655. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31601-9
Rajgor DD, Lee MH, Archuleta S, Bagdasarian N, Quek SC. The many estimates of the COVID-19 case fatality rate. The Lancet Infect Diseases. 2020; 20(7): 776-777. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30244-9
Kaur S, Bherwani H, Gulia S, Vijay R, Kumar Rakesh. Understanding COVID-19 transmission, health impacts and mitigation: timely social distancing is the key. Environ Dev Sustain. 2020; 18: 1-17. doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00884-x
Hiscott J, Alexandridi M, Muscolini M, Tassone E, Palermo, Soultsioti M, Zevini A. The global impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020; 53: 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.010
Bonell C, Melendez-Torres GJ, Viner RM, Brooke Rogers M, Whitworth M, Rutter H, et al. An evidence-based theory of change for reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in reopened schools. Health Place. 2020; 64:102398. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102398
Jackson C, Mangtani P, Hawker J, Olowokure B, Vynnycky E. The effects of school closures on influenza outbreaks and pandemics: systematic review of simulation studies. PLoS One. 2014; 9(5): e97297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097297
Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020; 4(6): 421. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7
Jeffs E, Lucas N, Walls T. CoVID-19: Parent and caregiver concerns about reopening New Zealand schools. J Paediatr Child Health. 2021; 57: 403-408. doi: 10.1111/jpc.15234
Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ. 2020; 26; 368: m1198. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1198
Setiati S, Harimurti K, Safitri ED, Ranakusuma RW, Saldi SR, Azwae MK, et al. Risk factors and laboratory test results associated with severe illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review. Acta Med Indones. 2020; 52(3): 227-245.
Hossain MA, Jahid MIK, Hossain KMA, Walton LM, Uddin Z, Haque MO, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the rapid rise period in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15(9): e0239646. doi: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239646
Kroshus E, Hawrilenko M, Tandon P, Christakis D. Plans of US parents regarding school attendance for their children in the fall of 2020. JAMA Pediatr. 2020; 174(11): 1-10. doi 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3864
Maltezou HC, Magaziotou I, Dedoukou X, Eleftheeriou E, Raftopoulos V, Michos A, et al. Children and Adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Course and Viral Loads. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020; 39(12): 388-392. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002899
Tezer H, Demirdağ TB. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50 (S1-1): 592-603. doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-174
Altmann DM. Children and the return to school: how much should we worry about covid-19 and long covid? BMJ. 2021; 15; 372: n701. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n701
Betz CL. COVID-19 and school return: The need and necessity. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020; 54: A7-A9. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.07.015
Belhadjer Z, Meot M, Bajolle F, Khraiche D, Legendre A, Abakka S, et al. Acute heart failure in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Circulation. 2020; 142(5): 429-436. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048360
Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, Jiang Z, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 Coronavirus disease in China. Pediatrics. 2020; 145: e20200702. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0702
Hoffman J, Miller E. Addressing the consequences of school closure due to COVID-19 on children’s physical and mental well-being. World Med Health Policy. 2020; doi: 10.1002/wmh3.365
Theurel-Martin DE, Gomez A, Saldarriaga D, Villegas-Lamus KC, Alvarado-Socarras JL. SARSCoV2 como causa de sepsis neonatal tardía, reporte de un caso. Salud UIS. 2020; 53(4): 456-460. doi: https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v52n4-2020013
Cho EY, Choi EH, Kim JH. Interpreting transmissibility of COVID-19 in children. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26(12): 3106-3107. doi: 10.3201/eid2612.203452
Zhu Y, Bloxham CJ, Hulme KD, Sinclair JE, Marcus Tong ZW, Steele LE, et al. Children are unlikely to have been the primary source of household SARS-CoV-2 infections. SSRN J. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044826
Buonsenso D, Roland D, De Rose C, Vásquez-Hoyos P, Ramly B, Chakakala-Chaziya JN et al. Schools closures during the covid-19 pandemic: A catastrophic global situation. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021; 40(4): 146-150. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003052
American Academy of Pediatrics. COVID-19 Planning Considerations: Guidance for School Reentry; 2020.
Hendricks C, Green R. COVID-19 in children: Should we be worried? South African Med J. 2020; 110(9): 864. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i9.15023
Engzell P, Frey A, Verhagen MD. Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021; 118(17): e2022376118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2022376118
Viner R, Russell SJ, Croker H, Packer J , Ward J , Stansfield C, et al. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020; 4(5): 397-404. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X
Lo Moro G, Sinigaglia T, Bert F, Savatteri A, Gualano MR, Siliquini R. Reopening Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: overview and rapid systematic review of guidelines and recommendations on preventive measures and the management of cases. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(23): 8839. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238839
Singh S, Roy D, Sinha K, Parveen S, Sharma G, Joshi G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 293: 113429. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429
Du L, Chen YM, Jin X, Yuan W, Wang JS. Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for depression in children and adolescents: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020; 99(38): 22384. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022384
Marques de Miranda D, da Silva Athanasio B, Sena Oliveira AC, Simoes-E-Silva AC. How is COVID-19 pandemic impacting mental health of children and adolescents? Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2020; 51: 101845. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101845
García de Ávila MA, Hamamoto Filho PT, Da silva Jacob FL, Souza Alcantara LR, Berghammer M, Jenholt Nolbris M, et al. Children’s anxiety and factors related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An exploratory study using the children’s anxiety questionnaire and the numerical rating scale. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(16): 5757. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165757
López Bueno R, López Sanchez G, Casajus JA, Calatayud J, Gil-Salmerón A, Grabovac I, et al. Health-related behaviors among school-aged children and adolescents during the Spanish Covid-19 Confinement. Front Pediatr. 2020; 8: 573.doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00573
Nonweiler J, Rattray F, Baulcomb J, Happé F, Absoud M. Prevalence and associated factors of emotional and behavioural difficulties during COVID-19 pandemic in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Children 2020; 7(9) 128. doi: 10.3390/children7090128
Reyes M. Research in the Time of COVID-19: Challenges of research ethics committees. J ASEAN Fed Endoc Societies. 2020; 35(1): 29-32. doi: 10.15605/jafes.035.01.07
Guidance for Managing Ethical Issues in Infectious Disease Outbreaks. World Health Organization; 2016.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jorge Alvarado, Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes, Juan Carlos Carmona-Valle, Maritza Franco-Lopez