Estimaciones del consumo de drogas ilícitas derivadas del análisis de aguas residuales: Una revisión crítica
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Palabras clave

Drogas ilícitas
ambiente
planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales
revisión

Cómo citar

Pacheco Ferreira, A. (2018). Estimaciones del consumo de drogas ilícitas derivadas del análisis de aguas residuales: Una revisión crítica. Salud UIS, 51(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v51n1-2019008

Resumen

La medición cuantitativa de drogas ilícitas en aguas residuales puede proporcionar información objetiva sobre los patrones y tendencias del uso de psicotrópicos en la comunidad. Se analizó la presencia de psicoactivos en plantas de tratamiento para aguas residuales y en el medio ambiente por epidemiología de alcantarillado, mediante una revisión sistemática de 2008-2017 por medio de los descriptores controlados: “drogas ilícitas”, “plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales” y “ambiente” hecha en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, SciELO, BVS vía LILACS y Google Académico. La búsqueda arrojó 439 estudios y fueron seleccionados 34 estudios para análisis. Los años de publicación variaron, siendo 2016 el de mayor de publicaciones (diez), seguido de 2014 y 2012 (cinco), 2017, 2013, 2010 (tres), 2011 (dos), 2015, 2009 y 2008 (uno cada uno). Los resultados mostraron la presencia de indicadores químicos de las drogas clásicas cocaína y cannabis. La investigación sobre la presencia de drogas ilícitas, particularmente como compuestos activos en el medio ambiente, es vital para mejorar el conocimiento de los tipos consumidos, su prevalencia; siendo capaz desplegar para analizar la exposición y el impacto de estos compuestos en el medio ambiente y la salud pública. Los resultados de esta revisión han resaltado que la epidemiología basada en aguas residuales es un enfoque útil y poderoso. 

https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v51n1-2019008
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