Palabras clave
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemia
Escuelas
Niños
Adolescentes
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 generó el cierre de los colegios y el inicio de la educación virtual,
como medida para disminuir la propagación del virus. Rápidamente, se planteó el regreso a los colegios; sin
embargo, es probable que exista un rechazo de los padres por el regreso a clases de forma presencial o mediante alternancia. Por esta razón, se evaluaron los factores asociados a esta oposición. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal mediante una encuesta, dirigida a padres que acuden a consultorios con sus hijos en varias ciudades de Colombia. Se determinó el porcentaje de padres que deseaban mantener la escolarización mediante la virtualidad y los factores asociados que motivan a no aceptar el pronto retorno a clases presenciales. Se realizó un análisis de regresión binomial para estimar razones de prevalencia (RP), ajustado a la edad de los padres, tomando como variable dependiente la aceptación de la virtualidad como estrategia para no regresar a los colegios, y se determinaron los factores de mayor importancia en la no aceptación del retorno a clases. Resultados: el 81,06 % de los padres no acepta el retorno a clase de forma presencial. El principal factor asociados a esta decisión fue que alguno de los padres presentara alguna comorbilidad, principalmente, hipertensión y obesidad. Tener hijos mayores de 10 años (RP: 2,64: IC 95 %: 1,48-4,72), convivir con personas mayores de 70 años (RP: 2,2; IC 95 %; 1,46-3,29) y conocer alguna persona fallecida por COVID-19 (RP: 1,86; IC 95 %: 1,42-2,44) también fueron asociadas a no aceptar el retorno a clase presencial. Conclusiones: existe una clara tendencia a mantener la virtualidad como opción educativa en Colombia para el no regreso a clases presenciales en población de estrato medio y alto. Los factores asociados sugieren una forma de protección familiar. Esta evidencia debe considerarse específica para el periodo de recolección de datos y el grupo incluido en el estudio. Se requieren estudios en los estratos socioeconómicos más bajos, donde se supone ocurren más efectos adversos asociados al no retorno a clases presenciales.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2021 Jorge Alvarado, Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes, Juan Carlos Carmona-Valle, Maritza Franco-Lopez