Palabras clave
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Interferón
citoquinas
Cómo citar
Resumen
La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por el Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ha generado un impacto sin precedentes en la salud mundial debido a su rápida propagación desde que fue declarada pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), afectando a millones de personas en más de 200 países1-3. A pesar de que no se ha determinado por completo la inmunopatogénesis de COVID-19, se sabe que el mal pronóstico de los pacientes se asocia a una respuesta antiviral insuficiente durante la fase inicial de la infección, caracterizada por un déficit en la producción de Interferones tipo I (IFNs-I)4, sumado a una respuesta inflamatoria exagerada, que conduce al síndrome de liberación de citocinas5. Esta revisión describe los aspectos inmunológicos más importantes de la COVID-19: los principales mecanismos de activación y evasión de la respuesta del IFN en la infección causada por SARS-CoV-2; la contribución a la gravedad de la enfermedad por parte de la desregulación de citoquinas y la respuesta celular; y algunas de las estrategias terapéuticas que se dirigen a elementos de la respuesta inmune innata.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Brigitte Ofelia Peña-López, Bladimiro Rincón-Orozco, Ivette Karina Freyle-Román