Resumo
A Doença do Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) causada pela Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave Coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gerou um impacto sem precedentes na saúde global devido à sua rápida propagação desde que foi declarada uma pandemia em 11 de março de 2020 pelo Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), afetando milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo 1-3. Embora a imunopatogênese do COVID-19 não tenha sido totalmente determinada, sabe-se que o mau prognóstico dos pacientes está associado a uma resposta antiviral insuficiente na fase inicial da infecção, caracterizada por um déficit na produção de interferons tipo I (IFNs- I) 4, somado a uma resposta inflamatória exagerada que leva à síndrome de liberação de citocinas 5. Esta revisão descreve os aspectos imunológicos mais importantes do COVID-19: os principais mecanismos de ativação e evasão da resposta do IFN na infecção por SARS-CoV-2; a contribuição para a gravidade da doença por desregulação de citocinas e resposta celular; e algumas das estratégias terapêuticas que visam elementos da resposta imune inata.Referências
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