Keywords
Culicoides
Arbovirus Infections
Orthobunyavirus
Genetic Recombination
How to Cite
Abstract
The Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging arbovirus with a high potential for spread. It causes numerous outbreaks of acute febrile illness in South and Central America. OROV circulates through jungle and urban cycles. In urban areas, the Culicoides paraensis mosquito is the main vector, with humans acting as the main host. In the majority of cases, OROV fever presents with mild symptoms; however, severe neurological complications, including meningitis and meningoencephalitis, may occasionally occur. Despite the lack of complete understanding regarding the virus’ pathogenesis, experimental studies in animal models have demonstrated the virus’ tropism for the nervous system, liver, and spleen. The diagnosis of OROV fever presents a challenge due to its similarity to the clinical picture caused by other highly prevalent arboviruses in the region, resulting in an underestimation of its prevalence. Currently, there is no antiviral treatment or vaccine available to manage OROV infection. Prevention focuses on vector control strategies. In light of the recent expansion of OROV, this review aims to elucidate the virus’s fundamental aspects, including its genome organization, transmission cycle, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and diagnosis.
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