Palavras-chave
Infecções por Coronavírus
SARS-CoV
Plasmapheresis
Recambio plasmático
Disfunción orgánica múltiple
Sepse
Síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistêmica
Lesão renal aguda
SARS-CoV
Plasmapheresis
Recambio plasmático
Disfunción orgánica múltiple
Sepse
Síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistêmica
Lesão renal aguda
Como Citar
Pájaro-Galvis, N.-. E., Rico-Fontalvo, J.-. E., Leal-Martínez, V., Daza-Arnedo, R., Rey-Vela, E., Salgado-Montiel, L.-. G., Monterrosa-Robles, M.-. C., & Pomares-Lara, A. (2020). A plasmaférese como opção terapêutica na infecção por COVID-19. Salud UIS, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v52n3-2020011
Resumo
Introdução: COVID-19 é uma pneumonia causada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, que pode apresentar sintomas graves, dificuldade respiratória aguda (SDRA), disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e morte; como consequência de uma resposta inflamatória alterada chamada "tempestade de citocinas". A plasmaférese é proposta como uma estratégia de tratamento promissora para o manejo deste tipo de complicações. Objetivo: nosso principal objetivo é mostrar toda a literatura disponível, referindo-se à utilidade da plasmaférese no tratamento da tempestade de citocinas em pacientes com COVID-19 grave; avalie seu possível benefício e proponha novos ensaios clínicos para apoiar o uso rotineiro dessa terapia. Metodologia: foi realizada uma pesquisa avançada com os termos do DeSC “Infecções por Coronavírus; SARS-CoV; Plasmaferese; Troca de plasma; Disfunção orgânica múltipla; Sepse; Síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistêmica; Lesão renal aguda”. Através dos motores de busca Clinical Key, Embase, PubMed e Ovid, obtendo um total de 156 resultados, entre artigos originais, relatos de casos, séries de casos e revisões de literatura, um total de 54 artigos foram selecionados e utilizados para a preparação desta revisão de literatura. Conclusões: a terapia de reposição plasmática poderia ser utilizada como tratamento complementar, com o objetivo de reduzir as cargas inflamatórias e virais, reduzindo os danos nos órgãos-alvo. No entanto, é necessário realizar ensaios clínicos controlados com bons desenhos metodológicos que nos ajudem a demonstrar a eficácia desse tipo de terapia em pacientes com COVID-19 grave.
Referências
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8. Cong Y, Verlhac P, Reggiori F. The Interaction between Nidovirales and Autophagy Components. Viruses. 2017; 9(7):182. doi: 10.3390/v9070182
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10. Cui J, Li F, Zheng-Li S. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17(3): 181-192. doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9
11. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and Surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(16): 1564-1567. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2004973
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13. Zhou Z, Zhao N, Shu Y, Han S, Chen B, Shu X. Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology. 2020; 158(8): 2294-2297. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.020
14. Tang Y-W, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW. Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19: current issues and challenges. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(6): e00512-00520. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00512-20.
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23. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020; 180(7): 1-11. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
24. Yuen KY, Wong SSY. Human infection by avian influenza A H5N1. Hong Kong Med J. 2005;11(3): 189-199.
25. Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol. 2017; 39(5): 529-539. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x.
26. Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang Q, Li T, Liu Z, et al. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol. 2020; 214: 108393. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393
27. Terpos E, Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, et al. Hematological findings and complications of COVID ‐19. Am J Hematol. 2020; 95(7): 834-847.
28. Zhang B, Zhou X, Zhu C, Feng F, Qiu Y, Feng J, et al. Immune phenotyping based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IgG predicts disease severity and outcome for patients with COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020; doi: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.03.12.20035048
29. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0
30. Lucherini OM, Rigante D, Sota J, Fabiani C, Obici L, Cattalini M, et al. Updated overview of molecular pathways involved in the most common monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36 Suppl 110(1): 3-9.
31. Crayne CB, Albeituni S, Nichols KE, Cron RQ. The Immunology of macrophage activation syndrome. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:119. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00119
32. Daza Arnedo, R,Aroca Martínez, G,Rico Fontalvo, JE, Rey Vela E, Pájaro Galvis N, Salgado Montiel LG, et al. Terapias de purificación sanguínea en COVID-19. Rev Colomb Nefrol. 2020; 7(Supl 2).
33. Joyner M, Wright RS, Fairweather D, Senefeld J, Bruno K, Klassen S, et al. Early Safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 patients. medRxiv. 2020; preprint. doi: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099879
34. Patel P, Nandwani V, Vanchiere J, Conrad SA, Scott LK. Use of therapeutic plasma exchange as a rescue therapy in 2009 pH1N1 influenza A—An associated respiratory failure and hemodynamic shock: Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011; 12(2): e87-e89. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181e2a569
35. Busund R, Koukline V, Utrobin U, Nedashkovsky E. Plasmapheresis in severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2002; 28(10): 1434-1439. doi: 10.1007/s00134-002-1410-7
36. Knaup H, Stahl K, Schmidt BMW, Idowu TO, Busch M, Wiesner O, et al. Early therapeutic plasma exchange in septic shock: a prospective open-label nonrandomized pilot study focusing on safety, hemodynamics, vascular barrier function, and biologic markers. Crit Care. 2018; 22(1): 285. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2220-9
37. Keith P, Day M, Perkins L, Moyer L, Hewitt K, Wells A. A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1): 128. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2836-4
38. Keith P, Day M, Choe C, Perkins L, Moyer L, Hays E, et al. The successful use of therapeutic plasma exchange for severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiple organ failure. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2020; 8: 2050313X2093347. doi: 10.1177/2050313X20933473
39. Shi H, Zhou C, He P, Huang S, Duan Y, Wang X, et al. Successful treatment with plasma exchange followed by intravenous immunoglobulin in a critically ill patient with COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; 105974. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105974
40. Zhang L, Zhai H, Ma S, Chen J, Gao Y. Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID‐19 patients. Br J Haematol. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.16890
41. Dogan L, Kaya D, Sarikaya T, Zengin R, Dincer A, Akinci IO, et al. Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19–related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: case series. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 155-158. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.022
42. Khamis F, Al-Zakwani I, Al Hashmi S, Al Dowaiki S, Al Bahrani M, Pandak N, et al. Therapeutic plasma exchange in adults with severe COVID-19 Infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; S1201971220304999. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.064
43. Ronco C, Reis T, De Rosa S. Coronavirus epidemic and extracorporeal therapies in intensive care: si vis pacem para bellum. Blood Purif. 2020; 49(3): 255-258. doi: 10.1159/000507039
44. Ronco C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Ricci Z. Critical care nephrology. Elsevier. Canada. 2019.
45. Padmanabhan A, Connelly‐Smith L, Aqui N, Balogun RA, Klingel R, Meyer E, et al. Guidelines on the Use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice – evidence‐based approach from the writing committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The eighth special issue. J Clin Apheresis. 2019; 34(3): 171-354. doi: 10.1002/jca.21705
46. Connelly-Smith L, Dunbar NM. The 2019 guidelines from the American Society for Apheresis: whatʼs new? Curr Opin Hematol. 2019; 26(6): 461-465. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000534
47. Ishikawa T, Abe S, Kojima Y, Sano T, Iwanaga A, Seki K-I, et al. Prediction of a sustained viral response in chronic hepatitis C patients who undergo induction therapy with double filtration plasmapheresis plus interferon-β/ribavirin. Exp Ther Med. 2015; 9(5): 1646-1650. doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2340
48. Zhang Y, Yu L, Tang L, Zhu M, Jin Y, Wang Z, et al. A promising anti-cytokine-storm targeted therapy for COVID-19: The artificial-liver blood-purification system. Engineering. 2020; S209580992030062X. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.006
49. Liu X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Du W, Su K, Zhu C, et al. Evaluation of plasma exchange and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for the treatment of severe avian influenza A (H7N9): a cohort study: blood purification in severe avian influenza A (H7N9). Ther Apher Dial. 2015; 19(2): 178-184. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12240
50. U.S. Authority, food and drug agency (FDA) for TORAYMYXIN® to treat COVID-19 patients in a clinical study in the U.S. Regarding an approval for the interim order of“TORAYMYXIN®” to treat COVID-19 patients in Canada.
51. Adeli SH, Asghari A, Tabarraii R, Shajari R, Afshari S, Kalhor N, et al. Using therapeutic plasma exchange as a rescue therapy in CoVID-19 patients: a case series. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020; 130(5): 455-458. doi: 10.20452/pamw.15340
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2. Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS, Zaki SR, Peret T, Emery S, et al. A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(20):1953-1966. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa030781
3. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak (https://www .who .int). Situation report. 20 de febrero de 2020.
4. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report –51. 11 de marzo de 2020;
5. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report –161. 29 de junio de 2020;
6. Ministerio de Salud y Protección social, Instituto nacional de salud. Situación actual de nuevo Coronarivus (COVID-19). 29 de junio de 2020; https://d2jsqrio60m94k.cloudfront.net.
7. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224): 565-574. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
8. Cong Y, Verlhac P, Reggiori F. The Interaction between Nidovirales and Autophagy Components. Viruses. 2017; 9(7):182. doi: 10.3390/v9070182
9. Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 2020.
10. Cui J, Li F, Zheng-Li S. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17(3): 181-192. doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9
11. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and Surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(16): 1564-1567. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2004973
12. Cao Z, Li T, Liang L, Wang H, Wei F, Meng S, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Beijing, China. Feng Y-M, editor. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15(6): e0234764. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234764
13. Zhou Z, Zhao N, Shu Y, Han S, Chen B, Shu X. Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology. 2020; 158(8): 2294-2297. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.020
14. Tang Y-W, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW. Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19: current issues and challenges. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(6): e00512-00520. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00512-20.
15. Loeffelholz MJ, Tang Y-W. Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections – the state of the art. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9(1): 747-756. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1745095
16. Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA. 2020; 323(18): 1843-1844. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3786
17. Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med. 2020; 46(5): 854-887. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5.
18. Maestros PS. Coronaviridae. Fields Virology Lippincott Williams y Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. 2013; 825-858.
19. Pastrian-Soto G. Bases genéticas y moleculares del COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). mecanismos de patogénesis y de respuesta inmune. Int J Odontostomatol. 2020; 14(3): 331-337. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2020000300331
20. Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, Marotto D, Ardizzone S, Rizzardini G, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020; 38(2): 337-342.
21. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020; 10(2): 102-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001
22. Soy M, Keser G, Atagündüz P, Tabak F, Atagündüz I, Kayhan S. Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment. Clin Rheumatol. 2020; 39(7): 2085-2094. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05190-5
23. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020; 180(7): 1-11. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
24. Yuen KY, Wong SSY. Human infection by avian influenza A H5N1. Hong Kong Med J. 2005;11(3): 189-199.
25. Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol. 2017; 39(5): 529-539. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x.
26. Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang Q, Li T, Liu Z, et al. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol. 2020; 214: 108393. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393
27. Terpos E, Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, et al. Hematological findings and complications of COVID ‐19. Am J Hematol. 2020; 95(7): 834-847.
28. Zhang B, Zhou X, Zhu C, Feng F, Qiu Y, Feng J, et al. Immune phenotyping based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IgG predicts disease severity and outcome for patients with COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020; doi: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.03.12.20035048
29. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0
30. Lucherini OM, Rigante D, Sota J, Fabiani C, Obici L, Cattalini M, et al. Updated overview of molecular pathways involved in the most common monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36 Suppl 110(1): 3-9.
31. Crayne CB, Albeituni S, Nichols KE, Cron RQ. The Immunology of macrophage activation syndrome. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:119. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00119
32. Daza Arnedo, R,Aroca Martínez, G,Rico Fontalvo, JE, Rey Vela E, Pájaro Galvis N, Salgado Montiel LG, et al. Terapias de purificación sanguínea en COVID-19. Rev Colomb Nefrol. 2020; 7(Supl 2).
33. Joyner M, Wright RS, Fairweather D, Senefeld J, Bruno K, Klassen S, et al. Early Safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 patients. medRxiv. 2020; preprint. doi: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099879
34. Patel P, Nandwani V, Vanchiere J, Conrad SA, Scott LK. Use of therapeutic plasma exchange as a rescue therapy in 2009 pH1N1 influenza A—An associated respiratory failure and hemodynamic shock: Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011; 12(2): e87-e89. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181e2a569
35. Busund R, Koukline V, Utrobin U, Nedashkovsky E. Plasmapheresis in severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2002; 28(10): 1434-1439. doi: 10.1007/s00134-002-1410-7
36. Knaup H, Stahl K, Schmidt BMW, Idowu TO, Busch M, Wiesner O, et al. Early therapeutic plasma exchange in septic shock: a prospective open-label nonrandomized pilot study focusing on safety, hemodynamics, vascular barrier function, and biologic markers. Crit Care. 2018; 22(1): 285. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2220-9
37. Keith P, Day M, Perkins L, Moyer L, Hewitt K, Wells A. A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1): 128. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2836-4
38. Keith P, Day M, Choe C, Perkins L, Moyer L, Hays E, et al. The successful use of therapeutic plasma exchange for severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiple organ failure. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2020; 8: 2050313X2093347. doi: 10.1177/2050313X20933473
39. Shi H, Zhou C, He P, Huang S, Duan Y, Wang X, et al. Successful treatment with plasma exchange followed by intravenous immunoglobulin in a critically ill patient with COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; 105974. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105974
40. Zhang L, Zhai H, Ma S, Chen J, Gao Y. Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID‐19 patients. Br J Haematol. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.16890
41. Dogan L, Kaya D, Sarikaya T, Zengin R, Dincer A, Akinci IO, et al. Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19–related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: case series. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 155-158. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.022
42. Khamis F, Al-Zakwani I, Al Hashmi S, Al Dowaiki S, Al Bahrani M, Pandak N, et al. Therapeutic plasma exchange in adults with severe COVID-19 Infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; S1201971220304999. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.064
43. Ronco C, Reis T, De Rosa S. Coronavirus epidemic and extracorporeal therapies in intensive care: si vis pacem para bellum. Blood Purif. 2020; 49(3): 255-258. doi: 10.1159/000507039
44. Ronco C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Ricci Z. Critical care nephrology. Elsevier. Canada. 2019.
45. Padmanabhan A, Connelly‐Smith L, Aqui N, Balogun RA, Klingel R, Meyer E, et al. Guidelines on the Use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice – evidence‐based approach from the writing committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The eighth special issue. J Clin Apheresis. 2019; 34(3): 171-354. doi: 10.1002/jca.21705
46. Connelly-Smith L, Dunbar NM. The 2019 guidelines from the American Society for Apheresis: whatʼs new? Curr Opin Hematol. 2019; 26(6): 461-465. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000534
47. Ishikawa T, Abe S, Kojima Y, Sano T, Iwanaga A, Seki K-I, et al. Prediction of a sustained viral response in chronic hepatitis C patients who undergo induction therapy with double filtration plasmapheresis plus interferon-β/ribavirin. Exp Ther Med. 2015; 9(5): 1646-1650. doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2340
48. Zhang Y, Yu L, Tang L, Zhu M, Jin Y, Wang Z, et al. A promising anti-cytokine-storm targeted therapy for COVID-19: The artificial-liver blood-purification system. Engineering. 2020; S209580992030062X. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.006
49. Liu X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Du W, Su K, Zhu C, et al. Evaluation of plasma exchange and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for the treatment of severe avian influenza A (H7N9): a cohort study: blood purification in severe avian influenza A (H7N9). Ther Apher Dial. 2015; 19(2): 178-184. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12240
50. U.S. Authority, food and drug agency (FDA) for TORAYMYXIN® to treat COVID-19 patients in a clinical study in the U.S. Regarding an approval for the interim order of“TORAYMYXIN®” to treat COVID-19 patients in Canada.
51. Adeli SH, Asghari A, Tabarraii R, Shajari R, Afshari S, Kalhor N, et al. Using therapeutic plasma exchange as a rescue therapy in CoVID-19 patients: a case series. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020; 130(5): 455-458. doi: 10.20452/pamw.15340
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