Publicado 2023-11-06
Palabras clave
- afloramiento,
- cianobacteria,
- contaminación del agua,
- eutrofización,
- microcistina-LR
- nutrientes,
- potabilización del agua,
- procesos avanzados de oxidación,
- sistemas lóticos,
- tratamientos alternativos ...Más
Cómo citar
Derechos de autor 2023 Revista UIS Ingenierías
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
Las floraciones cianobacterianas en cuerpos de agua son un problema de gran interés entre la comunidad científica, debido a la producción de metabolitos tóxicos, denominados cianotoxinas. Las cianobacterias están formadas por un amplio número de géneros y especies, con diversos mecanismos de intoxicación; por lo que constituyen un grave problema ambiental con serias repercusiones en la salud de los seres vivos y del hombre. Adicionalmente, la alta producción de cianotoxinas asociada a la presencia de cianobacterias ha crecido enormemente en frecuencia y extensión en todo el mundo, lo cual aumenta la preocupación por parte de las autoridades y los prestadores de servicios públicos. Por otro lado, es importante señalar que los procesos convencionales con los que operan las instalaciones de tratamiento de agua son ineficientes para su eliminación y/o degradación dado que las cianotoxinas son solubles en agua y persistentes. En este sentido, se hace necesaria la aplicación de tecnologías alternativas a los sistemas de tratamiento tradicionales de potabilización con el fin de obtener un agua de calidad apta para el consumo humano. En el presente trabajo, se describe el uso de ultrasonido en el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con cianobacterias y cianotoxinas, haciendo especial hincapié en la influencia de la variación de parámetros significativos que intervienen en la eficiencia de eliminación e inactivación de las cianobacterias, y la degradación de sus toxinas a través del proceso de sonicación. Con ello, se pretender posicionar el ultrasonido de baja frecuencia como tecnología de oxidación avanzada que permita controlar la proliferación de las cianobacterias y sus toxinas, y evitar la reducción de la calidad de los cuerpos de agua que abastecen las plantas de producción de agua potable.
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