Palabras clave
Leucemia mielógena crónica BCR-ABL Positiva
Factores de riesgo
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la no adherencia, causas asociadas, proporción de pacientes que mejoran y sus variables explicativas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal analítico, en pacientes con Leucemia Mieloide Crónica en tratamiento con Imatinib de marca genérica, dispensados por una institución de salud entre agosto de 2018 y diciembre de 2022. Se definió el estado de adherencia al medicamento como variable dependiente y las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y farmacológicas como variables independientes. La información se extrajo de una base de datos de seguimientos farmacoterapéuticos realizados a pacientes identificados automáticamente mediante algoritmos como no adherentes. Los farmacéuticos contactaron al paciente para intervenir y mejorar la adherencia. Se realizó análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: se analizaron 315 pacientes, con una edad media de 52±17 años, una mediana de tiempo de tratamiento de 250 días [RIC 97-362], el 11 % eran polimedicados y el 16,8 % multimórbidos. El 30,5 % eran no adherentes. Las causas asociadas a la no adherencia fueron la falta de cita con el especialista (39,6%), el retraso en la autorización por parte de la aseguradora (31,9%) y no disponer de prescripción médica vigente (5,5%). De los pacientes no adherentes, el 86% tenía antecedentes de falta de adherencia farmacológica y el 61% de reclamaciones fuera de plazo. Tras la intervención del farmacéutico, el 80% mejoró este cumplimiento inadecuado. En el análisis bivariado se encontraron significativas las variables edad, tiempo en tratamiento y tener antecedentes de no adherencia, que en el modelo multivariado se comportaron como riesgos con significancia estadística. Al ajustar el modelo para las demás variables, aunque siguieron comportándose como riesgos, sólo la variable de antecedentes de falta de adherencia se mantuvo estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: la prevalencia de no adherencia es superior a la reportada en la literatura, las causas asociadas son principalmente administrativas y las personas con mayor riesgo de presentar este resultado de salud son aquellas con mayor edad, menor tiempo en tratamiento y con antecedentes de no adherencia a otros medicamentos.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Jorge Estrada, Juliana Madrigal-Cadavid, Alejandra Rendon-Montoya, Carlos Alberto Gómez-Mercado, Erika Alejandra Giraldo-Gallo, Doris Cardona-Arango, Angela María Segura-Cardona